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Which of the following is an example of a tertiary prevention strategy?
- A. Administering childhood vaccinations
- B. Chemotherapy for cancer treatment
- C. Routine screening for hypertension
- D. Physical therapy for stroke rehabilitation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Physical therapy for stroke rehabilitation. Tertiary prevention focuses on minimizing the impact of an existing disease or condition. Physical therapy for stroke rehabilitation is an example of tertiary prevention because it aims to improve the quality of life and functionality of an individual who has already experienced a stroke. Administering childhood vaccinations (A) is an example of primary prevention to prevent the onset of diseases. Chemotherapy for cancer treatment (B) is an example of secondary prevention to detect and treat existing cancer. Routine screening for hypertension (C) is an example of secondary prevention to identify and manage hypertension before it progresses.
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Which finding indicates a need to contact the health care provider before the nurse
administers metformin (Glucophage)?
- A. The patient’s blood glucose level is 174 mg/dL.
- B. The patient has gained 2 lb (0.9 kg) since yesterday.
- C. The patient is scheduled for a chest x-ray in an hour
- D. The patient’s blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level is 52 mg/dL.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because an elevated BUN level of 52 mg/dL indicates potential kidney dysfunction, which is a contraindication for metformin due to the risk of lactic acidosis.
A: Blood glucose level of 174 mg/dL is slightly high but not a contraindication for metformin.
B: Weight gain is unrelated to metformin administration.
C: Chest x-ray does not directly impact metformin administration.
The unit manager of a 32-bed medical-surgical unit allows the staff nurses to do self-governance for scheduling, client care assignments, and committee work. The manager would be considered which type of leader?
- A. Autocratic
- B. Democratic
- C. Bureaucratic
- D. Laissez-faire
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Laissez-faire. This style of leadership involves minimal interference from the manager, allowing staff to make decisions independently. In this scenario, the unit manager empowers staff nurses to self-govern, indicating a hands-off approach. This promotes autonomy, creativity, and accountability among the staff.
A: Autocratic leadership involves centralized decision-making by the manager without input from staff, which does not align with the scenario.
B: Democratic leadership involves collaboration and input from team members in decision-making, which is not fully demonstrated in the scenario.
C: Bureaucratic leadership focuses on following established procedures and rules, which is not the case in the scenario where staff nurses have autonomy in decision-making.
In summary, the manager's approach of allowing staff nurses to govern themselves aligns with a laissez-faire leadership style, promoting independence and responsibility among the team.
A nurse is preparing to apply a dressing for a client who has a stage 2 pressure injury. Which of the following types of dressing should the nurse use?
- A. Hydrocolloid
- B. Transparent
- C. Gauze
- D. Alginate
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hydrocolloid dressing. For a stage 2 pressure injury, a hydrocolloid dressing is ideal as it maintains a moist environment to promote healing, absorbs excess exudate, and provides a barrier against bacteria. Transparent dressings (B) are more suitable for superficial wounds. Gauze dressings (C) may adhere to the wound bed and cause trauma upon removal. Alginate dressings (D) are better for wounds with heavy exudate, not typically seen in stage 2 pressure injuries.
Which of the following would a nurse suggest are significant benefits to an organization that is considering adoption of a practice partnership model? (Select one that does not apply.)
- A. Clients express greater satisfaction.
- B. It is more expensive to implement than other models.
- C. Continuity of care is facilitated.
- D. Leadership is well accepted.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because suggesting that the practice partnership model is more expensive to implement than other models would not be a significant benefit to an organization. A: Clients' greater satisfaction would be a benefit as it could lead to improved outcomes. C: Facilitated continuity of care would also be a benefit by improving coordination and patient experience. D: Leadership being well accepted is also a benefit as it can enhance organizational effectiveness.
Selecting a person/unit to negotiate on the group's behalf is known as:
- A. Labor negotiations.
- B. Bargaining.
- C. Establishing a union.
- D. Representation election.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Representation election. This process involves selecting a person or unit to negotiate on behalf of a group, typically in labor unions. It is a democratic way for employees to choose their representatives. Labor negotiations (A) are the actual discussions between parties, bargaining (B) refers to the process of reaching an agreement, and establishing a union (C) is the formation of a collective bargaining unit, all of which are steps that come after selecting the representative through a representation election.