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The nurse observes that after administration of a drug the patient has developed itching and a skin rash. The nurse interprets these findings as which of the following?
- A. Toxicity
- B. Allergic reaction
- C. Angioedema
- D. Crystalluria
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Allergic reactions are manifested by a variety of signs and symptoms including itching, skin rashes, and hives. Swollen eyelids, lips, and mouth are some of the symptoms of angioedema, an allergic drug reaction that may block the airway, causing asphyxia. Toxicity or toxic reactions are caused when blood concentration levels exceed the therapeutic level of drugs. Reduced blood pressure is called hypotension. Crystals in the urine are symptoms of crystalluria.
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After teaching a group of nursing students about the half-life of a drug, the instructor determines the need for additional teaching when the students identify which of the following as true? Select all that apply.
- A. Half-life can be decreased in clients with renal disease.
- B. Half-life can help determine dosing frequency.
- C. Half-life does not change throughout a client's life.
- D. Layer disease can increase half-life.
- E. Half-life is the measure of the rate at which drugs are removed from the body.
Correct Answer: A,C
Rationale: Half-life is the measure of the rate at which drugs are removed from the body, and any difficulty in excreting a drug increases half-life, including liver or kidney disease or advanced age.
The nurse administers a prescribed medication that is supplied as an enteric-coated tablet. The patient asks the nurse about this form of tablet. When describing how this tablet is absorbed, which response by the nurse would be most accurate?
- A. The medication dissolves directly from the stomach into the body.
- B. The drug breaks up into pieces as it moves through the stomach.
- C. The medication bypasses the GI tract and goes quickly into the bloodstream.
- D. The drug dissolves into fragments after it reaches your small intestine.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Enteric-coated tablets disintegrate or fragment after reaching the alkaline medium of the small intestine. Tablets and capsules break up into small particles and dissolve into body fluids in the gastrointestinal tract. Liquids and parenteral drugs are quickly absorbed into the body system.
Which of the following is true regarding the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA)? Select all that apply.
- A. The act allows for DEA enforcement of the act.
- B. The act gives the FDA power to enforce the laws governed by the act.
- C. The act permits general health claims.
- D. The act permits curative health claims.
- E. The act defines specific substances as 'dietary supplements.'
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: The DSHEA defines substances such as herbs, vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and other natural substances as 'dietary supplements' and permits general health claims as long as the label also has a disclaimer stating that the supplements are not approved by the FDA and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. The act gives the FDA the power to enforce the laws governed by the act.
The nurse is helping a client review a prescription from the health care provider. When examining the prescription, which of the following would the nurse expect to find documented? Select all that apply.
- A. Name of the drug
- B. Dosage of the drug
- C. Route of drug administration
- D. Times of drug administration
- E. Licensed prescriber's signature
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D,E
Rationale: The prescription must contain the client's name, the name of the drug, the dosage, the method and times of administration, and the signature of the licensed health care provider prescribing the drug.
A nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a client who is prescribed an oral medication. As part of the plan, the nurse expects to describe the importance of absorption. The nurse would integrate knowledge of which of the following as a mechanism for absorption in the gastrointestinal tract? Select all that apply.
- A. Active transport
- B. Transposition
- C. Passive transport
- D. Endocytosis
- E. Pinocytosis
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: During absorption, the drug particles in the GI tract are moved into the body fluids via active transport, passive transport, and pinocytosis.