Nokea
The nurse observes that the legs of a child with cerebral palsy cross involuntarily, and the child exhibits jerky movements with his arms as he tries to eat. The nurse recognizes that he has which type of cerebral palsy?
- A. Athetoid
- B. Ataxic
- C. Spastic
- D. Mixed
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Spasticity is characterized by tension in certain muscle groups, which makes voluntary movements of muscles jerky and uncoordinated.
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What might the nurse explain as a common treatment for amblyopia?
- A. Patching the good eye to force the brain to use the affected eye
- B. Patching the affected eye to allow the refractory muscles to rest
- C. Using glasses that will slightly blur the image for the good eye
- D. Using corticosteroids to treat inflammation of the optic nerve
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Early detection and treatment are essential for the child with amblyopia. Treatment includes patching the good eye and using glasses to correct refractive errors.
Which assessments would cause the pediatric nurse to suspect the probability of an ear infection in a 6-month-old child? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Hypersensitivity to noise
- B. Irritability
- C. Ecchymotic ear canal
- D. Rolls head from side to side
- E. Temperature of 39.4?°C (103?°F)
Correct Answer: B,D,E
Rationale: Infants signal ear infections by being irritable, rolling their heads from side to side, spiking a temperature, and pulling at or rubbing their ears.
A parent reports that her child has begun to do poorly at school and experiences episodes where he appears to be staring into space. Of which type of seizure is this behavior a characteristic?
- A. Absence
- B. Akinetic
- C. Myoclonic
- D. Complex partial
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Absence seizures are characterized by transient loss of consciousness where the child appears to stare blankly, and may last only a few seconds.
A child is admitted to the hospital because she had a seizure. Her parents report that for the past few weeks she has had headaches, with vomiting, that are worse in the morning. What does the nurse suspect?
- A. Meningitis
- B. Reye's syndrome
- C. Brain tumor
- D. Encephalitis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The signs and symptoms of a brain tumor are related to its size and location, creating increased intracranial pressure with hallmark symptoms of headache, vomiting, drowsiness, and seizures.
What would the nurse include in teaching when preparing to teach parents about air travel instructions to prevent barotrauma in infants?
- A. Using ear plugs during takeoff
- B. Omitting the meal just before takeoff
- C. Letting the infant nurse during descent
- D. Applying ear drops before takeoff
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Encouraging an infant to swallow reduces the pressure in the ears during descent.