Nokea
The nurse on the 3-11 shift is assessing the chart of a client with an abdominal aneurysm scheduled for surgery in the morning and finds that the consent form has been signed, but the client is unclear about the surgery and possible complications. Which is the most appropriate action?
- A. Call the surgeon and ask them to see the client to clarify the information
- B. Explain the procedure and complications to the client
- C. Check the physician's progress notes to see if understanding has been documented
- D. Check with the client's family to see if they understand the procedure fully
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The most appropriate action in this scenario is to call the surgeon and ask them to see the client to clarify the information. It is the responsibility of the physician to explain and clarify the procedure to the client, ensuring informed consent. Answer B is incorrect as nurses should not provide detailed medical explanations beyond their scope of practice. Answer C is incorrect as the physician's notes may not capture the client's current understanding accurately. Answer D is incorrect because the client's own understanding, not the family's, is crucial for informed decision-making regarding the surgery.
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Following abdominal surgery, a client has a nasogastric (NG) tube in place. What is the purpose of this tube immediately after surgery?
- A. simplify medication administration
- B. measure accurate input and output
- C. prevent accumulation of fluids and gas
- D. facilitate collection of specimens
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is to prevent accumulation of fluids and gas. Immediately after abdominal surgery, the NG tube is used to keep the stomach decompressed, preventing the accumulation of fluids and gas. This helps in maintaining decompression to prevent surgical-site disruption and fluid loss through vomiting. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the primary purpose of the NG tube following abdominal surgery is to prevent complications related to fluid and gas build-up rather than simplifying medication administration, measuring input and output, or collecting specimens.
When working with elderly clients, the healthcare provider should keep in mind that falls are most likely to happen to the elderly who are:
- A. in their 80s.
- B. living at home.
- C. hospitalized.
- D. living on only Social Security income.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is 'hospitalized.' Elderly individuals are at a higher risk of falls, especially when they are in new environments like hospitals due to unfamiliarity with the surroundings, medications, and potential mobility challenges. Being in a hospital can disrupt their usual routines and increase the risk of falls. Choice A ('in their 80s') is not as directly related to the increased risk of falls in a hospital environment. Choice B ('living at home') is a common setting for the elderly but does not address the specific risk associated with being hospitalized. Choice D ('living on only Social Security income') is unrelated to the risk of falls based on the environment.
Which of the following enzymes is indicative of pancreatitis?
- A. alkaline phosphatase
- B. acid phosphatase
- C. creatine phosphokinase
- D. amylase
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Amylase is elevated in conditions of pancreatic inflammation, such as pancreatitis. Pancreatitis is characterized by the inflammation of the pancreas, leading to the leakage of amylase into the bloodstream. Elevated levels of amylase are a key diagnostic marker for pancreatitis. Alkaline phosphatase is associated with liver and bone conditions, not pancreatitis. Acid phosphatase is more related to prostate health and is not specific to pancreatitis. Creatine phosphokinase is found in tissues like muscle and brain, and elevated levels are seen in conditions like muscle injury or heart attack, not pancreatitis.
The nurse has completed client teaching about introducing solid foods to an infant. To evaluate teaching, the nurse asks the mother to identify an appropriate first solid food. Which of the following is an appropriate response?
- A. pureed canned squash
- B. pureed apples
- C. yogurt
- D. infant rice cereal
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is infant rice cereal. Single-grain infant cereals are recommended as the first solid food because they are easily digestible and have added iron content. Choice C, yogurt, is incorrect because yogurt is a milk product and should be delayed until the child is 12 months old due to the risk of milk allergy. Choices A and B are incorrect because fruits and vegetables are typically introduced after cereals to help the infant get accustomed to solid foods gradually.
The client with a diagnosis of hepatitis is experiencing pruritus. Which would be the most appropriate nursing intervention?
- A. Suggest that the client take warm showers once a day.
- B. Add baby oil to the client's bath water.
- C. Apply powder to the client's skin.
- D. Suggest a cool-water rinse after bathing.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pruritus, or itching, in clients with hepatitis can be alleviated by adding moisturizing agents to bath water. Baby oil helps soothe and moisturize the skin, reducing dryness and itching. Warm showers, as in choice A, can be drying to the skin if taken too frequently, making it less suitable than adding oil to the bath water. Applying powder, as mentioned in choice C, can exacerbate dryness rather than alleviate it. Choice D suggests a cool-water rinse after bathing, which can help in retaining moisture and is less drying compared to hot water rinses.