Nokea
The nurse provides opportunities for nursing home residents to read aloud to others. Which cognitive skill is this nursing intervention most likely to improve?
- A. Verbal fluency
- B. Logical analysis
- C. Object naming
- D. Visuospatial skills
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Verbal fluency is the correct answer because reading aloud improves language skills, vocabulary, and verbal expression. It requires cognitive processes like word retrieval, organization, and articulation. Logical analysis (B) is not directly related to reading aloud. Object naming (C) focuses on identifying objects visually, not verbally. Visuospatial skills (D) involve understanding and manipulating visual information, not verbal expression. Reading aloud specifically targets verbal fluency by enhancing communication abilities and language processing.
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The nurse is performing an assessment on an older adult client. What assessment data would indicate a potential complication associated with the skin of this client?
- A. Crusting
- B. Wrinkling
- C. Thinning/loss of elasticity of skin
- D. Crusting
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Crusting. In older adults, crusting on the skin can indicate a potential complication such as infection, dermatitis, or impaired wound healing. Crusting may result from dryness, scratching, or poor circulation. It is essential for the nurse to assess and address the underlying cause promptly to prevent further complications.
B: Wrinkling is a normal part of aging and not necessarily indicative of a complication unless it is severe and associated with other symptoms.
C: Thinning/loss of elasticity of skin is a common age-related change and may not always indicate a complication unless it is excessive.
D: Crusting is a duplicate answer.
In differentiating between health and wellness in health care, which of the following statements is true?
- A. Health is a broad term encompassing attitudes and behaviors.
- B. The concept of illness prevention was never considered by previous generations.
- C. Wellness and self-actualization develop through learning and growth.
- D. Wellness is impossible when one’s health is compromised.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because health refers to a state of physical, mental, and social well-being, encompassing attitudes and behaviors. Choice B is incorrect as previous generations did consider illness prevention. Choice C is incorrect as wellness and self-actualization can also be influenced by genetics and environment. Choice D is incorrect as wellness can still be achieved through various aspects even if one's health is compromised.
A patient is instructed in the use of pursed lip breathing. The patient asks the nurse the purpose of this technique of breathing pattern. The nurse's best response would be:
- A. Pursed lip breathing exercises help prevent the build-up of secretions
- B. You will be more comfortable if you pursed lip breathe
- C. Pursed lip breathing increases the strength of the respiratory muscles
- D. Pursed lip breathing prevents airway collapse, decreases anxiety, and enhances effective breathing
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because pursed lip breathing helps prevent airway collapse by maintaining positive pressure in the airways, reduces anxiety by promoting relaxation, and enhances effective breathing by improving oxygen exchange. Choice A is incorrect as pursed lip breathing does not directly prevent the build-up of secretions. Choice B is incorrect as comfort is not the primary purpose of pursed lip breathing. Choice C is incorrect as while pursed lip breathing can improve respiratory muscle function, its primary benefit lies in preventing airway collapse, reducing anxiety, and promoting effective breathing.
Which of the following is an indicator of dementia rather than normal aging?
- A. Difficulty recalling recent events
- B. Increased forgetfulness
- C. Forgetting names of familiar people
- D. Memory loss affecting daily functioning
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because memory loss affecting daily functioning is a key indicator of dementia, not normal aging. Normal aging may involve some forgetfulness, but it typically does not significantly impact daily activities. Choice A is incorrect because difficulty recalling recent events can occur in both normal aging and dementia. Choice B is incorrect as increased forgetfulness is a common feature of aging and may not necessarily indicate dementia. Choice C is incorrect as forgetting names of familiar people can also be a normal part of aging and does not solely point to dementia. Memory loss affecting daily functioning is a more specific and severe symptom that strongly suggests dementia over normal aging.
Which condition is often misdiagnosed as depression in older adults?
- A. Chronic fatigue syndrome
- B. Dementia
- C. Anemia
- D. Sleep apnea
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Dementia. Older adults often experience cognitive decline, memory loss, and behavioral changes that can be mistaken for symptoms of depression. Dementia is a common condition in the elderly that can be misdiagnosed due to overlapping symptoms such as apathy, social withdrawal, and changes in sleep patterns. Chronic fatigue syndrome (A), anemia (C), and sleep apnea (D) may also present with symptoms of fatigue and sleep disturbances, but they are less likely to be confused with depression in older adults compared to dementia.