Nokea
A nurse advises a client with osteoporosis to have three servings of milk or dairy products daily.
- A. Primary prevention
- B. Secondary prevention
- C. Tertiary prevention
- D. Treatment, but not prevention
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Primary prevention. This recommendation aims to prevent osteoporosis from developing in the first place by promoting adequate calcium intake. Primary prevention focuses on reducing the risk factors and promoting healthy behaviors to prevent the onset of a disease. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they are related to different stages of disease prevention and management. Secondary prevention involves early detection and treatment to prevent complications, tertiary prevention focuses on managing the complications of a disease, and treatment without prevention (choice D) implies addressing the disease after it has already developed.
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Which is the best action for the nurse to take when communicating with a client who speaks a language the nurse does not understand?
- A. Arrange for a medical interpreter.
- B. Ask a family member to translat
- D. Ask a clerical staff member who speaks the language to translat
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Arrange for a medical interpreter. This is the best action because using a professional interpreter ensures accurate communication, maintains confidentiality, and avoids misunderstandings. Family members or clerical staff may not have the necessary medical terminology skills or impartiality. It is essential to prioritize effective communication for safe and quality care.
Which of the following actions by Florence Nightingale demonstrates her role as an epidemiologist?
- A. She convinced other women to join her in giving nursing care to all the soldiers.
- B. She demonstrated that a safer environment resulted in decreased mortality rate.
- C. She obtained safe water and better food supplies and fought the lice and rats.
- D. She met with each soldier each evening to say goodnight, thereby giving psychological support.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because Florence Nightingale's action of convincing other women to join her in providing nursing care to soldiers demonstrates her role as an epidemiologist. Epidemiologists study patterns and causes of diseases in populations, and Nightingale recognized the importance of improving healthcare practices on a larger scale by mobilizing a group to address the health needs of a population. This action aligns with the core principles of epidemiology in identifying and addressing health issues at a community level.
Choice B is incorrect because demonstrating a safer environment resulting in decreased mortality rate pertains more to public health rather than epidemiology. Choice C is incorrect as obtaining safe water, better food supplies, and fighting lice and rats are related to public health and sanitation rather than epidemiology. Choice D is incorrect as providing psychological support to soldiers is a compassionate nursing action, but it does not specifically demonstrate epidemiological principles.
The administration at a local medical center examines the trends in health problems when developing long-range plans for staffing and space allocation. Which of the following sources of information would be most helpful?
- A. Local data drawn from a professional survey in the city
- B. The National Health Interview Survey
- C. The National Hospital Discharge Survey
- D. The state's vital statistics
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Local data drawn from a professional survey in the city. This source of information would be most helpful because it provides specific and relevant data regarding the health trends of the local population. By utilizing local data, the administration can tailor their long-range plans to address the unique health issues faced by the community they serve.
Summary of why the other choices are incorrect:
B: The National Health Interview Survey provides national-level data, which may not accurately reflect the health trends specific to the local medical center.
C: The National Hospital Discharge Survey focuses on hospital-specific data and may not capture the full scope of health problems in the community.
D: State's vital statistics offer general information but may lack the specificity needed for targeted planning at the local medical center.
The nurse labels a patient an alcoholic because of his or her ethnicity. Which of the following best describes this action by the nurse?
- A. Stereotyping
- B. Prejudice
- C. Racism
- D. Ethnocentrism
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Stereotyping. Stereotyping is the act of categorizing individuals based on certain characteristics or traits, such as ethnicity, without considering individual differences. In this case, the nurse is assuming the patient is an alcoholic solely based on their ethnicity, which is a form of stereotyping. Prejudice (B) involves holding negative attitudes or beliefs about a particular group, which is not explicitly stated in the scenario. Racism (C) involves discrimination or prejudice based on race, not necessarily ethnicity. Ethnocentrism (D) is the belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group, which is not directly applicable in this situation.
Which action should the nurse take when developing written educational materials for a specific population?
- A. Use black print on a white backgroun
- C. Use appropriate medical terms.
- D. Ask community members to review the materials.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Ask community members to review the materials. This is essential to ensure that the educational materials are culturally sensitive, understandable, and relevant to the specific population. By involving community members in the review process, the nurse can gather valuable feedback to improve the clarity and effectiveness of the materials. This approach promotes inclusivity and enhances the chances of successful communication and understanding. Other choices are incorrect because using black print on a white background (choice A) or using appropriate medical terms (choice C) may not necessarily address the unique needs and preferences of the specific population.