The nurse retrieves hydromorphone 4 mg/mL from an automated dispensing system, for a client who is receiving hydromorphone 3 mg IM every 6 hours PRN for severe pain. How many mL should the nurse administer to the client? (Enter the numerical value only. If rounding is required, round to the nearest tenth.)
Correct Answer: 0.8
Rationale: 3 mg ÷ 4 mg/mL = 0.75 mL, rounded to 0.8 mL.
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The nurse is preparing a bladder irrigation for an adult client who has a long-term indwelling urinary catheter. The urine is cloudy with fibrin clots and sediment. Which intervention should the nurse implement?
- A. Power flush with 60 mL to remove mucous obstructions.
- B. Slowly irrigate catheter with saline using an infusion pump.
- C. Clamp the catheter for 30 minutes prior to irrigating.
- D. Use a sterile syringe to irrigate with 20 mL normal saline.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Slow irrigation safely clears clots and sediment.
An older woman with end-stage heart disease is hospitalized for severe heart failure. She is alert, oriented, and requests that no heroic measures are implemented if her breathing stops. What action should the nurse take first?
- A. Consult the palliative care team about the client's care.
- B. Set up a family conference to discuss the client's wishes.
- C. Discuss with the client her meaning of heroic measures.
- D. Obtain a 'do not resuscitate' (DNR) prescription.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Clarifying 'heroic measures' ensures client wishes are understood.
The nurse notes that a client has cyanosis of the toes and fingertips. Which vital sign should the nurse obtain first?
- A. Temperature.
- B. Blood pressure.
- C. Heart rate.
- D. Respiratory rate.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cyanosis indicates oxygenation issues, requiring respiratory assessment.
A female client who is receiving hospice care in her home expresses fear that dying will be painful. Which action should the nurse take first?
- A. Include caregiver in discussion of pain relief strategies.
- B. Encourage the client to talk about her fear related to pain.
- C. Explain that analgesics will be given whenever needed.
- D. Provide therapeutic touch along with comfort and support.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Discussing fears allows personalized reassurance.
The nurse observes that a client on a clear liquid diet has a cup of coffee on the breakfast tray. Which action should the nurse implement?
- A. Remove the coffee from the tray, advising the client that it is not included in the diet.
- B. Determine which member of the nursing staff brought the cup of coffee to the client.
- C. Remind the client that no milk or creamer can be added to the coffee.
- D. Consult with the dietician to learn if the client is allowed to drink coffee.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Black coffee is allowed without additives.
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