Nokea
The nurse reviews a client's laboratory results and notes the potassium level is 5.6 mEq/L (mmol/L) [3.5-5 mEq/L, mmol/L]. Which change to the cardiac rhythm would be expected?
- A. Tall, peaked T waves
- B. ST segment elevation
- C. Peaked P waves
- D. Noticeable U waves
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hyperkalemia causes tall, peaked T waves due to altered cardiac repolarization.
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The nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client prescribed phenazopyridine. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. The amount of urine you void will increase
- B. Your urine will turn orange in color
- C. You may notice that your urine is malodorous
- D. Concentrated urine is an expected finding
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Phenazopyridine causes orange-colored urine, a common side effect to inform clients about.
The nurse is teaching a client about consuming cranberry juice to prevent recurrent simple cystitis. The nurse understands that the treatment goal of consuming cranberry is to
- A. increase the urine specific gravity.
- B. increase the urine leukocyte count.
- C. acidify the urine.
- D. increase the protein in the urine.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cranberry juice acidifies urine, creating an unfavorable environment for bacterial growth, helping prevent cystitis.
Which of the following signs and symptoms may lead the nurse to suspect hypovolemia? Select all that apply.
- A. Decreased skin turgor
- B. Increased urine output
- C. Dry mucous membranes
- D. Weight gain
- E. Low blood pressure
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: Hypovolemia causes decreased skin turgor, dry mucous membranes, and low blood pressure due to reduced fluid volume.
The nurse is assessing a client with suspected renal calculi. Which of the following findings would support a diagnosis of renal calculi? Select all that apply.
- A. hematuria
- B. nausea and vomiting
- C. hypotension
- D. dysuria
- E. increased urinary frequency
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: Renal calculi cause hematuria, nausea, vomiting, dysuria, and increased urinary frequency due to irritation and obstruction.
The nurse is caring for a client with a phosphorus level of 5.3 mg/dL (1.71 mmol/L) [normal range: 3.0-4.5 mg/dL (0.97-1.45 mmol/L)]. The nurse identifies which of the following as possible causes of this condition? Select all that apply.
- A. tumor lysis syndrome
- B. hypoparathyroidism
- C. hypercalcemia
- D. renal failure
- E. anorexia
Correct Answer: A,B,D
Rationale: Tumor lysis syndrome, hypoparathyroidism, and renal failure cause hyperphosphatemia by increasing phosphate release or reducing excretion.