Nokea
The nurse reviews laboratory data for a client with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and notes an increased viral load (VL). The nurse reviews the client's current medications and should clarify which medication with the primary healthcare provider (PHCP)?
- A. Acetaminophen
- B. Echinacea
- C. Cetirizine
- D. Calcium carbonate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Echinacea, an herbal supplement, may interfere with antiretroviral therapy for HIV, potentially reducing its effectiveness and leading to an increased viral load. Choices A (acetaminophen), C (cetirizine), and D (calcium carbonate) do not have known interactions that significantly impact HIV viral load.
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Which of the following lifestyle modifications should the nurse encourage the client with a hiatal hernia to include in activities of daily living?
- A. Daily aerobic exercise.
- B. Eliminating smoking and alcohol use.
- C. Balancing activity and rest.
- D. Avoiding high-stress situations.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Eliminating smoking and alcohol is critical for managing hiatal hernia, as both can relax the lower esophageal sphincter and worsen reflux.
College freshman are participating in a study abroad program. When teaching them about hepatitis B, the nurse should instruct the students on:
- A. Water sanitation.
- B. Single dormitory rooms.
- C. Vaccine for hepatitis B.
- D. Safe sexual practices.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hepatitis B is transmitted via blood and body fluids, so safe sexual practices (D) are critical for prevention. Water sanitation (A) is more relevant for hepatitis A. Single rooms (B) are unnecessary. The vaccine (C) is preventive but not the focus of behavioral instruction.
A client with ascites and peripheral edema is at risk for impaired skin integrity. To prevent skin breakdown, the nurse should:
- A. Institute range-of-motion (ROM) exercise every 4 hours.
- B. Massage the abdomen once a shift.
- C. Use an alternating air pressure mattress.
- D. Elevate the lower extremities.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An alternating air pressure mattress (C) prevents pressure ulcers in clients with edema. ROM exercises (A) and elevation (D) are helpful but secondary. Abdominal massage (B) is not indicated.
A client with rheumatoid arthritis is prescribed a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Which client statement indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. I'll take the medication with food.'
- B. I should report any stomach pain.'
- C. I can take ibuprofen with this drug.'
- D. I'll monitor for bruising or bleeding.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Taking ibuprofen with another NSAID increases the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding, indicating a knowledge deficit.
What is the main reason desflurane (Suprane) and sevoflurane (Ultane), volatile liquid anesthesia agents, are used for surgical clients who go home the day of surgery?
- A. These agents are better tolerated.
- B. These agents are predictable in their cardiovascular effects.
- C. These agents are nonirritating to the respiratory tract.
- D. These agents are rapidly eliminated.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Desflurane and sevoflurane are rapidly eliminated, allowing quicker recovery and discharge, which is ideal for same-day surgery patients.