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The nurse should teach the mother of a child who has a new cast for a fractured radius to do which of the following for the first few days at home?
- A. Use a hair dryer to dry the cast more quickly.
- B. Have the child refrain from strenuous activities.
- C. Check movement and sensation of the child's fingers once a day.
- D. Administer acetaminophen every 8 to 12 hours for discomfort.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Refraining from strenuous activities prevents damage to the cast and supports healing during the initial recovery period.
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When observing the parent instilling prescribed ear drops ordered twice a day for a toddler, the nurse decides that the teaching about positioning of the pinna for instillation of the drops is effective when the parent pulls the toddler's pinna in which of the following directions?
- A. Up and forward.
- B. Up and backward.
- C. Down and forward.
- D. Down and backward.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In children under 3, the pinna is pulled down and back to straighten the ear canal.
A child with nephrosis is placed on prednisone. The dose is 2 mg/kg/day to be administered twice a day. The child weighs 25 lb. How many milligrams will the child receive at each dose?
Correct Answer: 22.7
Rationale: Convert weight to kg, then calculate dosage.
When teaching the mother of an infant who has received a temporary colostomy for treatment of Hirschsprung's disease about how the stoma should normally appear, which of the following descriptions about the stoma's appearance should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Becoming dark brown in 2 months.
- B. Appearing moist and pink to red.
- C. Drying out within a few weeks.
- D. Shrinking significantly in size.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A healthy stoma is moist and pink to red, indicating good blood supply.
A 9-month-old child with cystic fibrosis does not like to take a pancreatic enzyme supplement with meals and snacks. The mother does not like to force the child to take the supplement. The most important reason for the child to take the pancreatic enzyme supplement with meals and snacks is:
- A. The child will become dehydrated if the supplement is not taken with meals and snacks.
- B. The child needs these pancreatic enzymes to help the digestive system absorb fats, carbohydrates, and proteins.
- C. The child needs the pancreatic enzymes to aid in liquefying mucus to keep the lungs clear.
- D. The child will experience severe diarrhea if the supplement is not taken as prescribed.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pancreatic enzyme supplements are essential in cystic fibrosis to aid digestion and absorption of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins, compensating for pancreatic insufficiency.
A 2-year-old always puts his teddy bear at the head of his bed before he goes to sleep. The parents ask if this behavior is normal. The nurse should explain to the parents that toddlers use ritualistic patterns to:
- A. Establish a sense of identity.
- B. Establish control over adults in their environment.
- C. Establish sequenced patterns of learning behavior.
- D. Establish a sense of security.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ritualistic behaviors in toddlers provide comfort and security.