Nokea
The nurse supervises unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) providing care for a client who has right lower lobe pneumonia. Which action by the UAP requires the nurse to intervene?
- A. UAP assists the client to ambulate to the bathroom.
- B. UAP helps splint the client's chest during coughing.
- C. UAP transfers the client to a bedside chair for meals.
- D. UAP lowers the head of the client's bed to 15 degrees
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
1. In right lower lobe pneumonia, positioning the client with the affected side down helps improve ventilation and drainage.
2. Lowering the head of the bed to 15 degrees promotes pooling of secretions, worsening respiratory status.
3. A, B, and C are appropriate actions that promote client comfort and safety in pneumonia management.
4. Intervening in option D is crucial to prevent complications and promote effective respiratory care.
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Priority Decision: To reduce the risk for most occupational lung diseases, what is the most important measure the occupational nurse should promote?
- A. Maintaining smoke-free work environments for all employees.
- B. Using masks and effective ventilation systems to reduce exposure to irritants.
- C. Inspection and monitoring of workplaces by national occupational safety agencies.
- D. Requiring periodic chest x-rays and pulmonary function tests for exposed employees.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Requiring periodic chest x-rays and pulmonary function tests for exposed employees is crucial in early detection and prevention of occupational lung diseases.
Which of the following describes a correct order of structures in the respiratory passageways?
- A. pharynx, trachea, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles
- B. larynx, pharynx, trachea, bronchioles, bronchi
- C. trachea, pharynx, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles
- D. pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct order of structures in the respiratory passageways is D: pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles. This is the correct order because air enters the body through the pharynx, then passes through the larynx (voice box), followed by the trachea (windpipe), which branches into the bronchi, and then further divides into bronchioles. The other choices are incorrect because they do not follow the natural flow of air through the respiratory system. Choice A has the incorrect order starting with the pharynx, followed by the trachea, larynx, bronchi, and bronchioles. Choice B starts with the larynx, then pharynx, trachea, bronchioles, and bronchi, which is out of sequence. Choice C begins with the trachea, then pharynx, larynx, bronchi, and bronchioles, which is also incorrect
larynx have how many cartilages?
- A. 8
- B. 11
- C. 9
- D. 10
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The larynx consists of 9 cartilages, including the thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis. These structures provide support and protection to the vocal cords and are essential for phonation and breathing. Choice C is correct because it accurately reflects the number of cartilages in the larynx. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not correspond to the anatomical structure of the larynx. It is important to understand the specific components of the larynx to correctly identify the number of cartilages present.
The last mammalian structure that air moves through before the alveoli is the
- A. larynx.
- B. glottis.
- C. bronchioles.
- D. trachea.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: bronchioles. After air passes through the trachea, it enters the bronchi, which further divide into bronchioles. The bronchioles are the last structures where air passes before reaching the alveoli for gas exchange. The larynx is involved in sound production and the glottis is the opening between the vocal cords in the larynx. While the trachea is the initial passage for air into the respiratory system, the bronchioles are the final branching structures where air reaches the alveoli, making them the correct answer.
TB skin test is called 'Scatch test or Mantoux test' in which Tuberculin Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) is injected subcutaneously. This test is based on
- A. Delayed Hypersensitivity
- B. Production of antibodies
- C. Production of Tubercle toxin
- D. All these
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Delayed Hypersensitivity. The TB skin test, also known as the Mantoux test, is based on the principle of delayed hypersensitivity reaction. When Tuberculin Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) is injected subcutaneously, in individuals previously exposed to TB, the immune system mounts a delayed hypersensitivity reaction resulting in localized inflammation at the injection site. This reaction is mediated by T cells and is indicative of previous exposure to the TB bacterium.
Incorrect choices:
B: Production of antibodies - The TB skin test does not detect the production of antibodies specific to TB, but rather the cellular immune response.
C: Production of Tubercle toxin - The test is not based on the production of the tubercle toxin, but on the immune response to the tuberculin PPD.
D: All these - While the immune response may involve various components, such as antibodies and cellular responses, the primary basis of the TB skin test is the