Nokea
The nurse understands that the pathophysiology of a thermal injury includes (Select All that Apply):
- A. Hematuria
- B. Edema
- C. Hypovolemia
- D. Anemia
Correct Answer: B,C
Rationale: The correct answers are B: Edema and C: Hypovolemia. Edema occurs due to increased capillary permeability after a thermal injury, leading to fluid leakage into tissues. Hypovolemia results from fluid shift out of the blood vessels into the injured tissues, causing decreased blood volume. Hematuria (A) is not typically associated with thermal injuries. Anemia (D) is a decrease in the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin, not a direct result of thermal injury.
You may also like to solve these questions
Which should be the major consideration in selecting toys for a child who is cognitively impaired?
- A. Age appropriateness
- B. Ability to teach useful skills
- C. Safety
- D. Ability to provide exercise
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The major consideration in selecting toys for a cognitively impaired child should be safety (Choice C). Safety is crucial as children with cognitive impairments may have difficulty understanding potential dangers or using toys appropriately. Age appropriateness (Choice A) is important, but safety should take precedence. Teaching useful skills (Choice B) can be beneficial but may not be the primary focus. Providing exercise (Choice D) is valuable, but ensuring safety should come first.
Which is the most definitive diagnosis of leukemia?
- A. A detailed history that includes bone pain and recurrent infections
- B. A lumbar puncture to ascertain if leukemic cells are in the cerebral spinal fluid
- C. A CBC with differential to check the morphology of all the blood cells
- D. A bone marrow biopsy will show an infiltrate of blast cells
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: A bone marrow biopsy will show an infiltrate of blast cells. A bone marrow biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosing leukemia as it provides direct visualization of the bone marrow cells. In leukemia, there is an abnormal proliferation of immature cells called blast cells. Therefore, the presence of blast cells in the bone marrow biopsy confirms the diagnosis.
A: A detailed history may provide valuable information, but it is not definitive for diagnosing leukemia.
B: A lumbar puncture is more relevant for diagnosing central nervous system involvement in leukemia, not for confirming the diagnosis itself.
C: A CBC with differential can show abnormalities in blood cell counts, but it does not provide direct visualization of blast cells in the bone marrow.
E, F, G: No additional options provided.
In summary, the most definitive diagnosis of leukemia is confirmed through a bone marrow biopsy, which directly shows the presence of blast cells, distinguishing it from the other choices.
Congenital heart defects are classified as all of the following? (Select all that apply)
- A. Mixed defects
- B. Obstruction defects
- C. Decreased pulmonary blood flow
- D. Acquired defects
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: Congenital heart defects can be classified based on pathophysiology. A: Mixed defects involve combination of two types of abnormalities, B: Obstruction defects involve narrowing/blockage in blood flow, and C: Decreased pulmonary blood flow includes defects leading to decreased blood flow to lungs. D: Acquired defects result from external factors and not present at birth. E, F, G are not applicable as no information is provided. Thus, A, B, C are correct based on classification of congenital heart defects.
A 36 pound almost 3-year-old arrives to the ED with dehydration. The provider orders an IV fluid bolus, 15 ml/kg over 30 minutes. How many ml will the nurse administer?
- A. 164 ml
- B. 246 ml
- C. 460 ml
- D. 640 ml
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 246 ml. To calculate the IV fluid bolus amount, first, we need to determine the child's weight in kilograms: 36 lbs ÷ 2.2 = 16.36 kg. Next, multiply the weight in kg by the ordered dose of 15 ml/kg: 16.36 kg x 15 ml/kg = 245.4 ml. Since it is recommended to round up in pediatric dosing, the nurse will administer 246 ml. Choice A is incorrect as it underestimates the dose. Choices C and D are incorrect as they overestimate the dose.
A 7-year-old obese child was diagnosed at his 6-year primary care visit with idiopathic hypertension. The family was instructed to modify his diet and begin an exercise program to control the hypertension. At this visit, it was decided the child should begin a low dose of Lisinopril (Zestril) at 0.07 mg/kg/day. The child weighs 99 pounds. What is the correct dose for this child?
- A. 70 mg/day
- B. 30 mg/day
- C. 6 mg/day
- D. 3 mg/day
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct dose for this child is 3 mg/day. To calculate the dose, we first need to convert the child's weight from pounds to kilograms by dividing by 2.2 (99 lbs / 2.2 = 45 kg). Next, we multiply the weight in kg by the prescribed dosage of 0.07 mg/kg/day (45 kg x 0.07 mg/kg/day = 3.15 mg/day). Since the dosing is typically rounded down for safety reasons, the correct dose is 3 mg/day.
Choice A (70 mg/day) is incorrect because it is too high for a child of this weight and could lead to adverse effects. Choice B (30 mg/day) is also too high. Choice C (6 mg/day) is incorrect as it does not reflect the calculated dosage based on the weight of the child. Therefore, the correct answer is D (3 mg/day) based on the calculated dosage per kg for this specific child.