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The nurse who works in a sleep clinic knows that approximately ______% of adults suffer from insomnia.
- A. 10 to 20.
- B. 30 to 40.
- C. 50 to 60.
- D. 70 to 80.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B (30 to 40%). Insomnia is a common sleep disorder, affecting around 30-40% of adults. This range reflects the prevalence rates reported in various studies. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they provide prevalence rates that are either too low (A) or too high (C, D) compared to the generally accepted range for insomnia in adults. It is essential for the nurse in a sleep clinic to understand the prevalence of insomnia accurately to provide appropriate care and support to patients.
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When told that he is scheduled to interview a patient with narcissistic personality disorder, the nurse can anticipate the assessment findings will include the following:
- A. charm, drama, seductiveness, and admiration seeking.
- B. preoccupation with minute details and perfectionism.
- C. difficulty being alone, indecisiveness, and submissiveness.
- D. grandiosity, self-importance, and a sense of entitlement.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. In narcissistic personality disorder, individuals exhibit grandiosity, self-importance, and a sense of entitlement. This is a key feature of the disorder where individuals have an inflated sense of their own importance and require excessive admiration. This behavior is often accompanied by a lack of empathy and exploitation of others.
Choice A (charm, drama, seductiveness, and admiration seeking) is more characteristic of histrionic personality disorder.
Choice B (preoccupation with minute details and perfectionism) is more characteristic of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.
Choice C (difficulty being alone, indecisiveness, and submissiveness) does not align with the typical presentation of narcissistic personality disorder.
Which expectation should be considered most critical prior to discharging a client with anorexia nervosa from the hospital?
- A. Attainment of minimum normal weight.
- B. Resumption of normal menstrual cycle.
- C. Knowledge of caloric and nutritional value of foods required for a balanced diet.
- D. Reduction of periods of active exercise to three times daily.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: A critical expectation before discharging a client with anorexia nervosa is the attainment of minimum normal weight. This is crucial for the client's physical health and to prevent complications like organ damage. Resuming a normal menstrual cycle (B) is important but not as critical as restoring weight. Knowing about nutrition (C) is valuable but not as urgent as weight gain. Reducing exercise (D) may be necessary, but weight restoration takes precedence for overall health.
When a person's sexual identity does not match his or her physical gender, the diagnosis is
- A. paraphilia
- B. sexual dysfunction
- C. gender identity disorder
- D. androgyny
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Gender identity disorder (now gender dysphoria) describes a mismatch between identity and physical sex.
Early manifestation of symptoms such as severe impairment in social interaction and in communication can be diagnosed as which of the following?
- A. Infantile autism
- B. Infantile amnesia
- C. Cerebral palsy
- D. Rett's syndrome
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Infantile Autism: Early manifestations of Autistic Disorder symptoms, including impaired social interaction and communication.
A nurse observes a patient who is sitting alone in a room put hands over both ears and vigorously shake her head as though saying, 'No.' Later the patient cries and mutters, 'You don't know what you're talking about! Leave me alone.' What assessment should the nurse attempt to validate?
- A. The patient is seeking the attention of staff.
- B. The patient is inappropriately expressing emotion.
- C. The patient is experiencing auditory hallucinations.
- D. The patient is displaying negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: The patient is experiencing auditory hallucinations. The patient's behavior of covering both ears and shaking her head as if responding to voices, along with muttering and crying, suggests a sensory perception that is not based on external stimuli. This aligns with the characteristic symptoms of auditory hallucinations, which are common in conditions like schizophrenia.
Choice A is incorrect because the patient's behavior is not necessarily seeking attention but rather responding to internal stimuli. Choice B is incorrect as the patient's emotional expression seems to be a result of the auditory hallucinations rather than being inappropriate. Choice D is incorrect as negative symptoms of schizophrenia typically involve a decrease or absence of normal functions, which is not clearly demonstrated in this scenario.