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The nursing student answers the test item correctly when identifying which one of the following statements is true?
- A. Anxiety and fear are the same.
- B. Anxiety is unavoidable.
- C. Anxiety is always harmful.
- D. Fear is feeling threatened by an unknown entity.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Anxiety is unavoidable and can be positive, motivating action, unlike fear, which is a response to a clear threat.
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A client states, 'I will just die if I don't get this job.' The nurse then asks the client, 'What will be the worst that will happen if you don't get the job?' The nurse is using this response to
- A. appraise his situation more realistically.
- B. assist the client to make alternative plans for the future.
- C. assess if the client has health problems compounded by stress.
- D. clarify the client's meaning.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse's question employs decatastrophizing to help the client realistically evaluate the situation and reduce exaggerated fears.
Which of the following statements about the use of defense mechanisms in persons with anxiety disorders are accurate? Select all that apply.
- A. Defense mechanisms are a human's attempt to reduce anxiety.
- B. Persons are usually aware when they are using defense mechanisms.
- C. Defense mechanisms can be harmful when overused.
- D. Defense mechanisms are cognitive distortions.
- E. The use of defense mechanisms should be avoided.
- F. Defense mechanisms can control the awareness of anxiety.
Correct Answer: A,C,D,F
Rationale: Defense mechanisms are unconscious cognitive distortions used to reduce anxiety, but overuse can hinder emotional growth and problem-solving.
Which of the following are interpersonal theories regarding the etiologies of major anxiety disorders? Select all that apply.
- A. Sigmund Freud's theory
- B. Henry Stack Sullivan's theory
- C. Hildegard Peplau's theory
- D. Pavlov's theory
Correct Answer: B,C
Rationale: Sullivan's and Peplau's theories focus on interpersonal relationships as sources of anxiety, unlike Freud's intrapsychic or Pavlov's behavioral theories.
The nurse plans to teach a client about dietary modifications to manage diabetes. Teaching would be most effective if the client displayed which one of the following characteristics?
- A. Focusing only on immediate task
- B. Faster rate of speech
- C. Narrowed perceptual field
- D. Heightened focus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Mild anxiety enhances focus and learning ability, making it the optimal state for effective teaching.
Which of the following best explains the etiology of anxiety disorders from an interpersonal perspective?
- A. Anxiety is learned in childhood through interactions with caregivers.
- B. Anxiety is learned throughout life as a response to life experiences.
- C. Anxiety stems from an unconscious attempt to control awareness.
- D. Anxiety results from conforming to the norms of a cultural group.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Interpersonal theory suggests anxiety is learned in childhood through inadequate nurturing or distorted caregiver interactions.