Nokea
The nursing supervisor has been notified of a large industrial fire with multiple injuries started with an electric short. When notifying the nursing peers, the nurse would classify this as which type of disaster?
- A. A natural disaster
- B. A human disaster, intentionally caused
- C. A human disaster, unintentionally caused
- D. Not classified as a disaster
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A fire of an electrical cause is classified as a human disaster of an unintentional cause. A natural disaster is an earthquake or flood that is caused by nature with no human influence. A human disaster, intentionally caused is when a fire occurs, and a person intentionally starts the fire. Because a large industrial fire has injured people, it is classified as a disaster.
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The nurse is caring for three clients who have been diagnosed with anthrax. They were exposed after boarding a flight where a white powdery substance was found in one of the restrooms. The nurse knows that these clients would be classed as being victims of which of the following?
- A. A biologic disaster
- B. A natural disaster
- C. A radiologic disaster
- D. A chemical disaster
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Anthrax is a biologic agent that could be the cause of a biologic disaster, one in which pathogens or their toxins cause harm to many humans and other living species. Anthrax is not a natural, radiologic, or chemical agent of disaster.
The nursing student is preparing a teaching presentation on disaster preparedness for a nursing class assignment. Which action(s) would the student include in the presentation? Select all that apply.
- A. Keep a supply of fresh foods on hand
- B. Keep a 24-hour supply of medications on hand at all times
- C. Affix a tag to a pet's collar with contact information
- D. Store a supply kit with extra batteries, flashlight, and radio
- E. Create a network of persons who can provide support during and after the disaster
Correct Answer: C,D,E
Rationale: The student should address that an individual should keep 7 days of medications on hand; 24 hours of medications is not enough of a supply for the individual to keep on hand. Individuals should keep canned or dried packaged food on hand as fresh foods will not remain safe if refrigeration is not available. Battery operated flashlights and radio, as well as extra batteries should be kept on hand. A network of persons who can provide support during and after the disaster is important to have on hand prior to an emergency.
The emergency department nurse is working triage during a disaster. Why should the nurse tag a victim after assessment in a disaster situation?
- A. To know the victim's name
- B. To record any client allergies
- C. Someone else does not duplicate the assessment
- D. To record pre-disaster medical history
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The tag is an indication that the victim has been assessed by a nurse. This ensures that the nurse or another medical person does not spend time assessing the same person twice. The tag does not contain information such as allergies or pre-disaster medical history; the person's name may not be readily available in a disaster.
The nurse is caring for a victim of a chemical disaster. Medications given in the treatment of this client include amyl nitrite, sodium nitrite, and sodium thiosulphate. What chemical agent does the nurse know this client has been exposed to?
- A. Sarin
- B. Mustard gas
- C. Cyanide
- D. Anthrax
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cyanide poisoning calls for the administration of one or all of the following antidotes: amyl nitrite, sodium nitrite, and sodium thiosulfate. Amyl nitrite promotes the formation of methemoglobin, which combines with cyanide to form nontoxic cyanmethemoglobin. Sarin, mustard gas, and anthrax are not treated in this way.
The nurse is instructing on bioterrorism agents. Which of the following does the nurse emphasize as an agent which is transmitted from person to person?
- A. Anthrax
- B. Botulism
- C. Smallpox
- D. Varicella
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Smallpox is highly contagious and caused by a variola virus. Individuals infected with the botulinum toxin and anthrax are not at risk to others; there are no reports of person to person transmission. Varicella, commonly called the chickenpox, is contagious but not a bioterrorism agent.