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The nursing supervisor in an extended care facility is managing the environment to best help the clients with dementia. Which should the nurse include in planning the living environment?
- A. Plan for the same caregivers to provide care to individuals as much as possible.
- B. Open the windows and doors to allow fresh air to circulate through the environment.
- C. Provide a buffet-style menu with many food choices.
- D. Assign peer-led exercise activities on a daily basis.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Consistent caregivers provide familiarity and reduce confusion in clients with dementia.
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The adult son of a client with dementia asks the nurse how he should respond when his mother repeatedly says she has had a busy day at work. The mother has not worked in over 20 years. Which is the best guidance that the nurse could offer?
- A. Ask her to explain what she did at work today that kept her busy.
- B. Go along with her thought of it having been a busy day, but do not refer to her work.
- C. Reorient her that she is at home and did not go to work.
- D. Give her 5 to 10 minutes of rest, and she will have no memory of the incident.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Going along without reinforcing the delusion provides emotional reassurance and reduces distress.
The caregiver of a client with Alzheimer's disease reports to the nurse that often the client will suddenly become angry during meals and nothing seems to calm him down. The nurse teaches the caregiver to use distraction techniques. Which response would be best to teach as an example of this technique?
- A. Let's look at what is on television.
- B. If you stop yelling, I will get your dessert.
- C. Don't you want to finish your meal?
- D. I don't understand what you are saying.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Distraction, such as watching television, redirects the client's focus and helps de-escalate agitation.
The nurse is caring for a client with cognitive impairment. To determine whether the client is suffering from delirium or dementia, the nurse reviews the symptoms and course of each disorder.
- A. Rapid onset
- B. Progressive decline
- C. Long-term memory impairment
- D. Slurred speech
- E. Hallucinations
Correct Answer: A : Delirium, B: Dementia, C: Dementia, D: Delirium ,E: Delirium
Rationale: Delirium features rapid onset, slurred speech, and hallucinations, while dementia involves progressive decline and long-term memory impairment.
A nurse is educating a group of elderly community members about cognitive disorders. Which would the nurse include as a measure most likely to prevent Alzheimer's disease and other dementias?
- A. Crafts
- B. Cooking
- C. Watching television
- D. Reading
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Reading and other brain-stimulating activities are associated with a reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease.
The nurse is encouraging a group of clients with dementia to join in upper body range of motion exercises using light dumbbells. Which technique will most likely result in the greatest amount of participation?
- A. Show an instructional video just prior to the activity.
- B. Describe the exercise immediately before performing it.
- C. Demonstrate the exercises while clients simultaneously perform them.
- D. Perform the same routine daily to avoid the need for repeated instruction.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Demonstrating exercises simultaneously encourages participation by providing clear, immediate guidance.