Contemporary Ethical Issues in Nursing

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The occupational health and safety nurse would like to develop programs designed to decrease mortality and morbidity among the workforce. When considering factors related to mortality among health care workers, the nurse should focus efforts on prevention of:

  • A. suicide.
  • B. violence related injury.
  • C. bloodborne disease.
  • D. ergonomic hazards.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: bloodborne disease. Health care workers are at risk for exposure to bloodborne pathogens such as HIV and hepatitis B and C. Prevention strategies include proper use of personal protective equipment and adherence to infection control protocols. Bloodborne diseases can have serious consequences on the health and well-being of healthcare workers, leading to mortality and morbidity if not properly prevented.

Explanation for incorrect choices:
A: Suicide - While mental health is an important concern, it is not specifically related to mortality among healthcare workers.
B: Violence related injury - While workplace violence is a concern, it may not be the leading cause of mortality among healthcare workers.
D: Ergonomic hazards - While important for preventing injuries, it may not directly relate to mortality among healthcare workers compared to bloodborne diseases.

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The nurse who is responsible for following the patient from admission through discharge or resolution of illness while working with a broad range of health care providers is called a:

  • A. nurse manager.
  • B. case manager.
  • C. coordinator of patient-centered care delivery.
  • D. team leader in team nursing care delivery.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: case manager. A case manager is responsible for coordinating care for a patient from admission to discharge, collaborating with various healthcare providers. This role involves managing the patient's overall care plan, ensuring continuity and efficiency. The other choices are incorrect because:
A: Nurse manager focuses on managing nursing staff and unit operations, not individual patient care.
C: Coordinator of patient-centered care delivery may oversee care coordination but does not necessarily follow the patient throughout the entire care journey.
D: Team leader in team nursing care delivery is focused on leading a specific nursing team, not managing the patient's entire care process.

When an RN is asked to accept an assignment that he or she may not be qualified to perform, the nurse should:

  • A. accept the assignment as appropriate if assigned by a legitimate power.
  • B. be primarily concerned with the number of patients being assigned.
  • C. ask how other nurses have handled the assignment in the past.
  • D. determine whether he or she is familiar with the types of patients being assigned.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why Answer D is correct:
1. Ensures patient safety: RN should only accept assignments they are qualified for to provide safe care.
2. Upholds professional standards: Accepting only familiar assignments aligns with nursing scope of practice.
3. Legal and ethical responsibility: RN must prioritize patient well-being over external pressures.
4. Promotes personal growth: RN can seek additional training for unfamiliar assignments.

Summary:
- A: Incorrect. Accepting based on power dynamics disregards patient safety and professional ethics.
- B: Incorrect. Patient safety should be the primary concern over workload.
- C: Incorrect. Past handling may not guarantee appropriateness. Focus should be on personal qualification.

Which nursing model is referred to as the "class without walls"?

  • A. Articulation
  • B. Career ladder (2 +
  • C. Nightingale’s Environmental Nursing Theory
  • D. Online Nursing Learning Framework
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Articulation. This nursing model is referred to as the "class without walls" because it focuses on seamless academic progression and collaboration between educational institutions. Articulation promotes a smooth transition of nursing students from one level of education to another, eliminating barriers and creating a cohesive learning experience. The other choices (B, C, D) do not specifically emphasize the concept of breaking down walls or barriers in education like the Articulation model does.

A nurse manager wants his nursing unit to be a place where all nurses want to work, where patient satisfaction is high, and care is innovative and interdisciplinary. Staff are encouraged to chair taskforces to improve quality of care and he counsels staff in areas of measuring patient outcomes. Other managers want to mimic this manager's approach to improve their own units. This nurse is which type of leader?

  • A. Transformational
  • B. Transactional
  • C. Laissez-faire
  • D. Authoritative
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Transformational. This nurse manager is focused on creating a positive work environment, encouraging innovation, empowering staff, and promoting interdisciplinary collaboration. Transformational leaders inspire and motivate followers to achieve high levels of performance by emphasizing shared vision, personal growth, and values. This nurse manager's approach aligns with the characteristics of a transformational leader.

Incorrect Choices:
B: Transactional leaders focus on rewards, punishments, and exchanges with followers based on performance. This nurse manager's approach goes beyond transactional interactions.
C: Laissez-faire leaders are hands-off and provide little guidance or direction. This nurse manager is actively involved in guiding and supporting staff.
D: Authoritative leaders make decisions independently and expect followers to follow orders. This nurse manager encourages staff involvement and input in decision-making processes.

A state is devastated by a tornado killing many people, destroying communication systems, utility services, homes, and medical facilities. The state requests immediate assistance from the U.S. Congress and from surrounding states. The affected state should first contact the:

  • A. Emergency Management Assistance Compact (EMAC).
  • B. Institute of Medicine (IOM).
  • C. Red Cross.
  • D. Strategic National Stockpile.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Emergency Management Assistance Compact (EMAC).
1. EMAC is a mutual aid agreement among states for disaster response.
2. It allows affected states to request and receive assistance from other states.
3. It facilitates coordination and deployment of resources quickly in emergencies.
4. IOM focuses on health research, Red Cross on humanitarian aid, and Strategic National Stockpile on medical supplies, but they do not provide the immediate multi-sectoral assistance needed in this scenario.

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