Nokea
The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) provides standards of care for which of the following?
- A. Very young
- B. Older adults
- C. Those who have certain intellectual communication difficulties Those who have certain intellectual communication difficulties
- D. Those without medical insurance
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Older adults. OBRA primarily focuses on setting standards of care for older adults in long-term care facilities, ensuring their safety and well-being. This is because older adults are a vulnerable population requiring specialized care and attention. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because OBRA does not specifically address very young individuals, those with intellectual communication difficulties, or individuals without medical insurance. The Act mainly pertains to the care and rights of older adults in long-term care settings.
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Which intervention would qualify as primary prevention of violent behaviors in children and adolescents?
- A. Forbidding the child to continue friendships with violent peers
- B. Limiting exposure to violence on TV, video, and computer games
- C. Seeking counseling for a child who has been experimenting with drugs
- D. Showing a unified approach to parenting when dealing with a violent child
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because limiting exposure to violence on TV, video, and computer games falls under primary prevention by addressing risk factors before violent behaviors occur. This intervention helps reduce the likelihood of children and adolescents developing violent tendencies by minimizing their exposure to violent content that can influence their behavior.
A: Forbidding the child to continue friendships with violent peers is more of a secondary prevention strategy targeting existing risk factors, not primary prevention.
C: Seeking counseling for a child who has been experimenting with drugs is also a secondary prevention strategy focusing on addressing a specific risk factor, not primary prevention.
D: Showing a unified approach to parenting when dealing with a violent child is a tertiary prevention strategy aimed at managing and reducing harm after the behavior has already occurred, not primary prevention.
A child who has been physically abused becomes emotionally distressed when told that the parent will no longer be allowed to visit. Which principle of social learning theory explains the child’s response?
- A. The child views the abuse as more desirable than the parent leaving
- B. The parent has fostered a fear in the child that increases when they are apart.
- C. The child believes they are responsible for the parent being punished.
- D.
The parent has likely told the child that they deserved the abuse as punishment.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: The child believes they are responsible for the parent being punished. According to social learning theory, individuals learn behaviors through observation and modeling. In this scenario, the child has internalized the belief that they are the cause of the parent's punishment due to the abuse. This leads to feelings of guilt and distress when the parent is no longer allowed to visit.
A: The child does not view abuse as desirable; it is a harmful behavior.
B: While fear may be present, the core issue lies in the child's belief of responsibility.
D: The parent blaming the child for the abuse does not align with the principles of social learning theory.
Which response demonstrates both empathy and understanding of the relationship genetics has to the development of schizophrenia in twins?
- A. In fraternal twins, the chance of the other twin developing the disorder is quite small.
- B. No one can say what will happen, so we will hope for the best for you and both of your sons.
- C. You poor woman! I wish I could tell you that your other son will be free of the disorder
- D. Studies show that 50% of twins develop schizophrenia when it is present in the other twin.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because it provides an empathetic response by acknowledging the concern of the parent and demonstrating an understanding of the genetic link between twins and schizophrenia. By citing a specific statistic (50%), it shows knowledge of the relationship between genetics and the development of schizophrenia in twins.
Choice A is incorrect because it downplays the genetic influence by suggesting a small chance, which is not accurate.
Choice B is incorrect because it dismisses the seriousness of the situation and does not address the genetics aspect of the disorder.
Choice C is incorrect because it is not based on factual information and offers sympathy without addressing the genetic component of schizophrenia in twins.
Which of the following meets the DSM-IV-TR criteria for moderate mental retardation?
- A. Requires constant one-on-one supervision and total physical care
- B. Advanced as far as the second grade and provides her own personal care with supervision
- C. Attends the local community college for developmental English and math courses
- D. Advanced as far as the sixth grade and works at a warehouse every day and supports himself.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the DSM-IV-TR criteria for moderate mental retardation includes an IQ range of 35-49, which typically corresponds to functioning at around the level of a 6 to 9-year-old. Choice D best fits this criteria as the individual has advanced to the sixth grade level academically, indicating a level of functioning consistent with moderate mental retardation. Choices A, B, and C do not meet the criteria as they suggest a higher level of functioning and independence than what is typically associated with moderate mental retardation.
A patient living in community housing for the elderly says, “I don’t go to the senior citizens club. They play cards and talk about the past because that’s all they can do.” The nurse analyzes these remarks to represent:
- A. Failure to achieve developmental tasks
- B. Hypercritical behavior
- C. Paranoid thinking
- D. Thinking associated with ageism
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Thinking associated with ageism. This is because the patient's statement reflects a negative stereotype about older adults, assuming they are limited to playing cards and reminiscing about the past. Ageism involves discrimination or prejudice based on someone's age, which can lead to stereotyping and marginalization.
A: Failure to achieve developmental tasks - This choice does not directly relate to the patient's statement about ageism.
B: Hypercritical behavior - The patient's statement does not indicate hypercritical behavior, but rather a biased perspective on aging.
C: Paranoid thinking - The patient's statement does not demonstrate paranoid thinking, but rather a biased view of older adults based on ageist beliefs.
In summary, the correct answer is D as the patient's remarks reflect ageist thinking, while the other choices do not align with the content of the patient's statement.