Nokea
The parents have just received news that their infant has sickle cell disease. They ask the nurse if this could happen to future children. Because this is an example of an autosomal-recessive inheritance, what should the nurse tell Tim and Katie?
- A. Because this child has sickle cell, there is a decreased chance none of your other children will have sickle cell disease.
- B. Each time you get pregnant, there will be a 50/50 chance that your child will have sickle cell disease.
- C. Each time you get pregnant, there will be a 25% chance that your child will inherit the gene from each parent and will have sickle cell disease.
- D. Your next child will have a 50% chance of being a carrier for sickle cell disease.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Each time you get pregnant, there will be a 25% chance that your child will inherit the gene from each parent and will have sickle cell disease. This is because sickle cell disease follows an autosomal-recessive inheritance pattern, meaning both parents must pass on the sickle cell gene for a child to have the disease. With each pregnancy, there is a 25% chance that the child will inherit one sickle cell gene from each parent, resulting in the disease. Choices A and D are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the inheritance pattern of sickle cell disease. Choice B is incorrect because it suggests a 50/50 chance, which is not the case with autosomal-recessive inheritance.
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A nurse is educating a male patient about improving sperm quality. What should the nurse suggest?
- A. Increase exposure to saunas and hot tubs for relaxation.
- B. Maintain a healthy lifestyle, including balanced nutrition and avoiding smoking.
- C. Consume high-fat diets to enhance testosterone levels.
- D. Avoid exercise as it reduces sperm motility.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Maintain a healthy lifestyle, including balanced nutrition and avoiding smoking. This is because a healthy lifestyle promotes overall well-being and can positively impact sperm quality. Balanced nutrition provides essential nutrients for sperm production while avoiding smoking reduces oxidative stress that can harm sperm.
Choice A is incorrect because increased exposure to saunas and hot tubs can actually raise scrotal temperature, potentially harming sperm quality. Choice C is incorrect as high-fat diets can lead to obesity and negatively impact sperm quality. Choice D is incorrect as exercise is beneficial for overall health, including sperm motility.
During a consultation, a patient asks about the role of estrogen in the menstrual cycle. What is the nurse's best explanation?
- A. Estrogen triggers the release of mature eggs from the ovaries.
- B. Estrogen supports the growth of the uterine lining for implantation.
- C. Estrogen prevents ovulation during pregnancy.
- D. Estrogen regulates the production of progesterone.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Estrogen supports the growth of the uterine lining for implantation. Estrogen plays a key role in the menstrual cycle by stimulating the thickening of the endometrium (uterine lining) to prepare for potential implantation of a fertilized egg. This process occurs during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle. Choice A is incorrect because ovulation is primarily triggered by luteinizing hormone (LH) surge, not estrogen. Choice C is incorrect as estrogen levels decrease during pregnancy, allowing ovulation to occur. Choice D is incorrect because while estrogen and progesterone work together in the menstrual cycle, estrogen does not directly regulate progesterone production.
What is the significance of timing in intrauterine insemination (IUI)?
- A. IUI is effective regardless of ovulation timing.
- B. IUI must be timed closely with ovulation for optimal success.
- C. IUI should only be done after the implantation window opens.
- D. Timing is irrelevant as long as sperm quality is high.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because timing is crucial in IUI to increase the chance of fertilization. Intrauterine insemination must be done close to ovulation to ensure that the sperm meets the egg for successful conception. Timing is essential to maximize the chances of successful fertilization.
Choice A is incorrect because timing is indeed important for the success of IUI. Choice C is incorrect because the implantation window is not related to the timing of IUI. Choice D is incorrect because high sperm quality alone is not sufficient for successful IUI; timing is a critical factor in achieving pregnancy through IUI.
A woman calls the health care facility stating that she is in labor. The nurse would urge the client to come to the facility if the client reports which symptom?
- A. increased energy level with alternating strong and weak contractions
- B. moderately strong contractions every 4 minutes, lasting about 1 minute
- C. contractions noted in the front of abdomen that stop when she walks
- D. pink-tinged vaginal secretions and irregular contractions lasting about 30 seconds
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Moderately strong regular contractions every 4 minutes lasting about 1 minute indicate that the client is likely in active labor and should come to the facility. This pattern suggests progress in labor and the need for medical assistance.
Which of the following client responses indicates that the nurse's teaching about care following chorionic villus sampling (CVS) has been successful?
- A. If the baby stops moving
- B. the woman should immediately go to the hospital.
- C. The woman should take oral terbutaline every 2 hours for the next day.
- D. If the woman starts to bleed or to contract
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Bleeding or contractions after CVS warrant medical attention.