Nokea
The parents of a child born with disabilities ask the nurse for advice about discipline. The nurses response should be based on remembering that discipline is which?
- A. Essential for the child
- B. Not needed unless the childs behavior becomes problematic
- C. Best achieved with punishment for misbehavior
- D. Too difficult to implement with a special needs child
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Discipline is essential for children with disabilities to establish boundaries and teach socially acceptable behaviors, supporting their development. Waiting for problematic behavior delays guidance, punishment is less effective than positive discipline, and discipline is feasible with tailored approaches for special needs.
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What nursing intervention is most appropriate in promoting normalization in a school-age child with a chronic illness?
- A. Give the child as much control as possible.
- B. Ask the childs peer to make the child feel normal.
- C. Convince the child that nothing is wrong with him or her.
- D. Explain to parents that family rules for the child do not need to be the same as for healthy siblings.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Giving the child as much control as possible fosters normalization by countering dependency caused by chronic illness, promoting independence. Peers cannot be tasked with making the child feel normal, denying the illness is unhelpful, and different family rules may cause resentment among siblings.
What is the major health concern of children in the United States?
- A. Acute illness
- B. Chronic illness
- C. Congenital disabilities
- D. Nervous system disorders
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An estimated 18% of children in the United States have a chronic illness or disability requiring health care services beyond typical needs. Chronic illness has surpassed acute illness as the primary health concern for children. Congenital disabilities contribute to chronic illnesses but are not the main concern, and nervous system disorders account for about 17% of chronic illnesses, a subset of the broader issue.
The potential effects of chronic illness or disability on a childs development vary at different ages. What developmental alteration is a threat to a toddlers normal development?
- A. Hindered mobility
- B. Limited opportunities for socialization
- C. Childs sense of guilt that he or she caused the illness or disability
- D. Limited opportunities for success in mastering toilet training
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Toddlers develop autonomy and self-control through mobility, which allows them to explore and assert independence. Hindered mobility due to chronic illness can lead to feelings of helplessness, disrupting this developmental stage. Socialization is less critical for toddlers, guilt is more common in preschoolers, and toilet training is typically mastered later in toddlerhood.
A feeling of guilt that the child caused the disability or illness is especially common in which age group?
- A. Toddler
- B. Preschooler
- C. School-age child
- D. Adolescent
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Preschoolers often experience guilt, believing they caused their illness or disability or that it is a punishment for misbehavior due to their egocentric thinking. Toddlers focus on autonomy, school-age children face achievement issues, and adolescents work on integrating disabilities into their self-concept, making guilt less prominent.
A 5-year-old child will be starting kindergarten next month. She has cerebral palsy, and it has been determined that she needs to be in a special education classroom. Her parents are tearful when telling the nurse about this and state that they did not realize her disability was so severe. What is the best interpretation of this situation?
- A. This is a sign the parents are in denial.
- B. This is a normal anticipated time of parental stress.
- C. The parents need to learn more about cerebral palsy.
- D. The parents expectations are too high.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Parental stress often peaks at anticipated milestones like starting school, especially for a child with a disability like cerebral palsy, as it highlights the severity of limitations. This is a normal response, not denial, a knowledge deficit, or overly high expectations.