Nokea
The parents of a child who has been diagnosed with sickle cell anemia ask why their child experiences pain. What is the most likely cause of the pain?
- A. Inflammation of the vessels
- B. Obstructed blood flow
- C. Overhydration
- D. Stress-related headaches
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The signs and symptoms of sickle cell anemia include the sickle-shaped cells clumping and obstructing blood flow, which causes severe tissue hypoxia and necrosis leading to pain.
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How is the infant with gastroesophageal reflux (GER) typically treated?
- A. By making the infant NPO
- B. By thickening the formula or breast milk with cereal
- C. By placing the infant to sleep on the side
- D. By switching the infant to cow's milk
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: GER is treated with small feedings thickened with cereal. The infant should not be made NPO or switched to cow's milk. Infants should only be placed on the back to sleep due to the risk of SIDS.
The parents of a child suffering from depression ask the nurse what causes depression in children. Which answer is an appropriate response by the nurse?
- A. The causes of major depression are unknown.
- B. Major affective disorders in parents increase depression in children.
- C. Boys are more likely than girls to be depressed.
- D. The prevalence rate is higher in prepubescent children.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The causes of depression have not been established. However, many studies have shown that children have a three times greater rate of suffering from depression if their parents have a major affective disorder.
The nurse is caring for a newborn with a myelomeningocele. Before surgery, what should the nursing interventions include?
- A. Leaving the lesion uncovered and placing the infant supine
- B. Covering the lesion with a sterile, saline-soaked gauze
- C. Applying lotion to the lesion to keep it moist
- D. Covering the lesion with a dry, sterile gauze
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nursing interventions for an infant with myelomeningocele include covering the lesion with a sterile, saline-soaked gauze.
The nurse is caring for a child who has been diagnosed as having an attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). What is the most important intervention for the nurse?
- A. Have the child enrolled in a special education class.
- B. Allay any feelings of guilt the parents may have.
- C. Counsel the parents that the medications are lifelong.
- D. Teach the parents to set limits.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: It is most important to allay any feelings of guilt the parents may have.
A new mother asks the clinic nurse if she must continue giving her baby nystatin for thrush since the white lesions on his tongue have disappeared. What response by the nurse is most appropriate?
- A. No. When the lesions have gone you may stop the nystatin.
- B. Yes. You should continue it for the full 7 days.
- C. No. Thrush is a self-limiting disorder and nystatin is given for comfort only.
- D. Yes. The medication should be refilled for a second week of therapy.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nystatin should be given for the full 7 days even if the lesions are no longer present.