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The parents of a child with cystic fibrosis ask if their next child will also be affected. Which of the following is the basis for the nurse's response related to autosomal recessive disorders?
- A. There is a 25% chance that the child will be affected.
- B. All male offspring are affected.
- C. There is a 50% chance that the child will be affected.
- D. All female offspring will be affected.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder, meaning that there is a 25% chance that offspring will be affected. It happens equally in males and females.
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A male with mild hemophilia asks the nurse, 'Will my children have hemophilia?' Which of the following responses by the nurse is most appropriate?
- A. All of your children will be at risk for hemophilia.
- B. Hemophilia is a multifactorial inherited condition.
- C. Only your male children are at risk for hemophilia.
- D. Your female children will be carriers for hemophilia.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Because hemophilia is caused by a mutation of the X-chromosome, all female children of a man with hemophilia are carriers of the disorder and can transmit the mutated gene to their offspring. Sons of a man with hemophilia will not have the disorder. Hemophilia is caused by a genetic mutation and is not a multifactorial inherited condition.
The parents of a child with brachydactyly ask if their next child will also be affected. Which of the following is the basis for the nurses' response related to autosomal dominant disorders?
- A. There is a 25% chance that the child will be affected.
- B. All male offspring are affected.
- C. There is a 50% chance that the child will be affected.
- D. All female offspring will be affected.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Brachydactyly is an autosomal dominant disorder, meaning that there is a 50% chance that offspring will be affected. It happens equally in males and females.
When taking a family history in the genetic clinic, the nurse will ask information about how many generations in the past?
- A. 2
- B. 3
- C. 4
- D. 5
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A detailed three-generation family history, or pedigree, offers great insight into possible genetic conditions within a family.
A newly pregnant woman asks the nurse what the best time is for chorionic villus sampling? Which of the following time frames is the basis for the nurse's response?
- A. 8-10 weeks
- B. 11-12 weeks
- C. 15-16 weeks
- D. 19-20 weeks
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is done in the first trimester, usually between 11 and 12 weeks gestation.
A newly pregnant woman asks the nurse what the best time is for a prenatal diagnostic amniocentesis? Which of the following time frames is the basis for the nurses' response?
- A. 7-10 weeks
- B. 11-13 weeks
- C. 15-17 weeks
- D. 20-24 weeks
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A prenatal diagnostic ultrasound should be done between 15 and 17 weeks of gestation during which amniocentesis can be performed.