Kaplan and Sadocks Synopsis of Psychiatry Questions

Kaplan and Sadocks Synopsis of Psychiatry Questions Related

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The parents of an 8-year-old are attempting to help their child comprehend new information. Which intervention suggested by the nurse shows an understanding of the cognitive development theory for this age group?

  • A. The use of drawing and illustrations
  • B. Comparing the child’s experiences to the new material
  • C. Encouraging the child to talk about this new information
  • D. Asking the child to give a reason for how they feel about new information
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Comparing the child’s experiences to the new material. At the age of 8, children are in the concrete operational stage according to Piaget's cognitive development theory. This stage is characterized by the ability to think logically about concrete events and understand the concept of conservation. By comparing the child's experiences to the new material, the parents are helping the child make connections between what they already know and the new information, which facilitates understanding. Drawing and illustrations (choice A) are helpful for visual learners but may not necessarily tap into the child's cognitive development stage. Encouraging the child to talk about new information (choice C) is beneficial for communication skills but may not directly address cognitive development. Asking the child to give a reason for how they feel about new information (choice D) focuses more on emotions rather than cognitive understanding.

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Which intervention should the nurse plan to reduce the patient's focus on delusional thinking?

  • A. Confronting the delusion
  • B. Refuting the delusion with logic
  • C. Exploring reasons the patient has the delusion
  • D. Focusing on feelings suggested by the delusion
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because focusing on the feelings suggested by the delusion can help the patient process and manage their emotions underlying the delusion. By addressing the emotions, the nurse can help the patient gain insight into the delusion and reduce its intensity. Confronting the delusion (A) may lead to resistance and reinforcement. Refuting the delusion with logic (B) may further alienate the patient. Exploring reasons for the delusion (C) may not directly address the emotional component.

A young woman had just learned of the accidental death of her husband. She begins to cry
and states, Its not fair! How could he do this to me? This remark is assessed as:

  • A. A plea for help
  • B. An explosive episode
  • C. An expression of anger
  • D. Fear of making decisions alone
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, an expression of anger. The woman's statement "It's not fair! How could he do this to me?" indicates feelings of anger and resentment towards her husband for leaving her unexpectedly. This response does not show a plea for help (A), as she is expressing her emotions rather than seeking assistance. It is also not an explosive episode (B) as there is no indication of sudden outbursts or intense emotional reactions. Similarly, it is not about fear of making decisions alone (D) as her statement focuses on her feelings of unfairness and betrayal. In summary, the woman's remark reflects her anger and sense of injustice following her husband's accidental death.

A teen is grieving the loss of her pet dog. She states to her mother, “I miss my dog so much, but I know that if I start crying, I will never stop.” The teen is expressing a fear of:

  • A. Appearing emotionally immature
  • B. Embarrassing herself by crying in public
  • C. Losing the support of her friends and family.
  • D. Losing control over her emotions.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Losing control over her emotions. The teen's statement indicates a fear of losing control if she starts crying. This fear suggests that she believes crying will lead to an inability to stop, indicating a concern about managing her emotions. This fear of losing control over her emotions aligns with the teen's hesitance to express her grief through tears.

A: Appearing emotionally immature - This choice is incorrect as the teen's statement does not directly suggest a fear of appearing emotionally immature.
B: Embarrassing herself by crying in public - This choice is incorrect as the teen's statement does not mention a fear of embarrassment.
C: Losing the support of her friends and family - This choice is incorrect as the teen's statement does not indicate a fear of losing support from others.

Which nursing intervention supports the principles on which the cross-links theory of aging is based?


  • A. Applying an elastin-sustaining moisturizer to an adult patient’s skin
  • B. Assessing a patient’s family history for genetic diseases and disorders
  • C. Questioning a patient about long-term exposure to environmental toxins
  • D. Assisting an adult patient in selecting foods high in vitamins A, C, and E
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because selecting foods high in vitamins A, C, and E supports the principles of the cross-links theory of aging, which focuses on the accumulation of damage from oxidative stress. Vitamins A, C, and E are antioxidants that help combat oxidative stress and reduce the formation of cross-links in tissues. This intervention can potentially slow down the aging process by reducing cellular damage.

Choice A is incorrect because applying an elastin-sustaining moisturizer does not directly address the oxidative stress aspect of the cross-links theory of aging.

Choice B is incorrect as assessing family history for genetic diseases does not specifically target the mechanisms involved in the cross-links theory of aging.

Choice C is incorrect because questioning about exposure to environmental toxins may be important for overall health but is not directly related to the principles of the cross-links theory of aging.

A novice nurse who will be assessing a patient after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) asks her mentor, “What sort of memory impairment is present after several ECT treatments?” The best response for the mentor would be:

  • A. “It’s hard to say. Treatment affects everyone differently.”
  • B. “Usually the patient has severe difficulty remembering remote events.”
  • C. “Patients have mild difficulty remembering recent events, like what waseaten for breakfast.”
  • D. “Both recent and remote memory is affected, producing profound confused, cognitive
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because it accurately reflects the typical memory impairment after ECT treatments. ECT affects both recent and remote memory, leading to profound confusion and cognitive difficulties. This is due to the disruption of neural pathways involved in memory consolidation and retrieval.

Choice A is incorrect as ECT does have predictable effects on memory. Choice B is incorrect because patients typically have more difficulty with recent memory than remote memory. Choice C is also incorrect as patients usually experience more than just mild difficulty remembering recent events; the memory impairment is more severe than just forgetting what was eaten for breakfast.

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