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A nurse is administering blood to a patient who has a low hemoglobin count.
The patient asks how long the RBC last in the body? The correct response is:
- A. The life span of RBC is 45 days.
- B. The life span of RBC is 60 days.
- C. The life span of RBC is 90 days.
- D. The life span of RBC is 120 days.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Red blood cells have a lifespan of approximately 120 days.
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A patient with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder has been drinking copious amounts of water and voiding frequently. The patient is experiencing muscle cramps, twitching, and is reporting dizziness.
The nurse checks lab work for
- A. complete blood count results, particularly the platelets.
- B. electrolytes, particularly the serum sodium.
- C. urine analysis, particularly for the presence of white blood cells.
- D. EEG.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Symptoms suggest hyponatremia from excessive water intake, requiring electrolyte assessment.
A patient with Alzheimer's disease is admitted with suspected dehydration after his daughter reports that he's refused to drink anything for the past 3 days.
Which lab result is most expected with dehydration?
- A. Urine specific gravity of 1.005.
- B. Serum sodium level of 150 mEq/L.
- C. Hematocrit of 38%
- D. Elevated WBC
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypernatremia (elevated sodium) is expected in dehydration due to water loss.
Following the death of a client, a nursing assistant begins to cry uncontrollably and is unable to provide care for the other assigned clients. The nurse should:
- A. Send the nursing assistant home for the remainder of the day.
- B. Explain to the nursing assistant that she will have to learn to cope with loss.
- C. Send the nursing assistant to the lounge and care for the clients herself.
- D. Encourage the nursing assistant to express her feelings about dying.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Encouraging the nursing assistant to express feelings supports emotional processing and professional growth. Sending her home or to the lounge avoids the issue. Coping lectures are dismissive.
The nurse is caring for a client with a spinal cord injury at the T4 level. Which of the following findings would be MOST concerning?
- A. Blood pressure of 80/50 mmHg with a pulse of 50.
- B. Temperature of 99°F (37.2°C).
- C. Spasticity in the lower extremities.
- D. Numbness in the hands and fingers.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A T4 spinal cord injury can cause autonomic dysreflexia or neurogenic shock, leading to severe hypotension (80/50) and bradycardia (pulse 50), which are life-threatening and require immediate intervention. Low-grade fever (B), spasticity (C), and numbness (D) are expected or less urgent.
Which of the following is the primary force in sex education in a child's life?
- A. school nurse
- B. peers
- C. parents
- D. media
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Parents are the primary influence on a child's sex education, providing foundational values and information. Other sources like peers and media are influential but secondary. Health Promotion and Maintenance