Nokea
The patient complains to the nurse that he feels terrible since he has been taking several different kinds of vitamin preparations. What should the nurse assess for indications of vitamin toxicity?
- A. Edema
- B. Hypertension
- C. Fatigue
- D. Diarrhea
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Toxicity usually occurs from the use of large supplemental doses of vitamins and minerals and presents as fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and headache.
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The body uses 22 common amino acids but 9 of them must be obtained from protein in the diet. What are these proteins considered?
- A. Essential
- B. Basic
- C. Fundamental
- D. Primary
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Essential amino acids must be consumed in the diet, because the body cannot make them.
A patient diagnosed with renal failure is unable to excrete protein waste products and develops a condition that requires a protein-restricted diet. The nurse instructs the patient that azotemia can be diminished by substituting other food groups for protein. What is an example of a food that this patient can substitute for protein?
- A. Potatoes
- B. Beans
- C. Cheese
- D. Soy products
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The foods that a patient with renal disease can substitute for energy are in the carbohydrate group. Potatoes are the only carbohydrate listed.
The nurse explains that a patient with a heart problem should follow a decreased sodium diet. What will a decreased sodium diet prevent or help reduce?
- A. Stroke
- B. Fluid excretion
- C. Heart attacks
- D. Obesity
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sodium attracts water and causes fluid retention. Hypervolemia increases the heart's workload, which can lead to a heart attack.
__ softens stools speeds transit of foods through the digestive tract and reduces pressure in the colon.
Correct Answer: fiber
Rationale: Insoluble fiber softens stools, speeds transit of foods through the digestive tract, and reduces pressure in the colon. Thus it may help relieve constipation and reduce the risk of certain gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, such as diverticulosis or hemorrhoids.
A school nurse is teaching a group of adolescents about adequate nutrition. What increased intake should the nurse encourage?
- A. Potassium and sodium
- B. Chloride and magnesium
- C. Iron and calcium
- D. Vitamins and minerals
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dietary inadequacies in adolescence include iron and calcium.