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The patient during labor would anticipate some emotional support. Which of the following nursing interventions should Nurse Sarah provide to keep the patient calm?
- A. Giving praise for her the sense of satisfaction regarding quick labor.
- B. Support in maintaining a sense of control.
- C. Explanation of the effect of labor on the newborn.
- D. Allowing the patient to express pain and anxiety
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Support in maintaining a sense of control is essential in keeping the patient calm during labor. Giving the patient a sense of control allows them to feel empowered and more in charge of their experience. This can help reduce anxiety and fear, ultimately promoting a more positive and calm labor experience. Providing emotional support by assisting the patient in maintaining control can greatly benefit their overall emotional well-being during this stressful time.
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A patient undergoing mechanical ventilation in the ICU develops ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). What intervention should the healthcare team prioritize to manage the patient's infection?
- A. Administer vancomycin or linezolid for MRSA coverage.
- B. Perform bronchoalveolar lavage for diagnostic purposes.
- C. Implement contact precautions to prevent transmission.
- D. Recommend prophylactic antifungal therapy to prevent candidiasis.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The most important intervention for managing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a patient undergoing mechanical ventilation in the ICU is to start appropriate antimicrobial therapy targeting MRSA. Vancomycin or linezolid are commonly used antibiotics for MRSA infections. These medications are effective against MRSA and can help in treating the infection and preventing further complications. It is crucial to initiate antimicrobial therapy promptly once the diagnosis of VAP caused by MRSA is suspected or confirmed to improve patient outcomes. Other interventions such as bronchoalveolar lavage for diagnostic purposes, contact precautions, or antifungal therapy may be relevant but the priority is to start effective antibiotic therapy to target the specific pathogen causing the infection.
A patient presents with petechiae, purpura, and mucosal bleeding. Laboratory tests reveal thrombocytopenia, elevated serum creatinine, and schistocytes on peripheral blood smear. Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause these findings?
- A. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
- B. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
- C. Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)
- D. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare but serious condition characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, neurological abnormalities, fever, and renal dysfunction. The classic pentad of symptoms includes fever, neurologic changes, renal impairment, thrombocytopenia, and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. The presence of petechiae, purpura, and mucosal bleeding along with thrombocytopenia, elevated serum creatinine, and schistocytes on peripheral blood smear are consistent with TTP. In TTP, there is usually a deficiency of ADAMTS13 (a von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease) leading to excessive platelet adhesion, aggregation, and microthrombi formation within small blood vessels. Treatment typically
Her priority in managing community health needs is through knowing in-depth the PREVALENCE of diseases because it indicates the ______.
- A. risks to health problems
- B. Priority needs of the people.
- C. presence of health problems
- D. magnitude of health problems
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Knowing the prevalence of diseases provides information on the magnitude of health problems within a community. Prevalence refers to the proportion of individuals in a population who have a particular disease or condition at a specific point in time. By understanding the prevalence rates of different diseases, healthcare providers can better assess the extent of health issues affecting the community. This information is crucial for prioritizing resources and interventions to address the most pressing health concerns effectively. Additionally, prevalence data can guide public health efforts in developing targeted prevention strategies and allocating resources appropriately to improve community health outcomes.
Which of the following conditions is characterized by the presence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types and is associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer?
- A. Condyloma acuminatum
- B. Lichen sclerosus
- C. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)
- D. Trichomoniasis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is a premalignant condition of the cervix that is characterized by the presence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types. HPV infection is a major risk factor for the development of cervical cancer. CIN is typically detected on routine cervical screening tests such as Pap smears or HPV testing. If left untreated, CIN can progress to invasive cervical cancer. Therefore, the presence of high-risk HPV types in CIN lesions indicates an increased risk of developing cervical cancer.
Take home medications given to Patient Lily includes digitalis therapy which was given to patient since she was pregnant. Which of the following would the nurse anticipate with patient's drug therapy?
- A. Switching to a more potent drug.
- B. Continuation of the same dosage.
- C. Need for change in medication.
- D. Addition of diuretic to the regimen.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Digitalis therapy, commonly prescribed for heart conditions, is known for its narrow therapeutic range and potential for toxicity. In the case of Patient Lily, who has been on digitalis therapy since she was pregnant, the nurse would anticipate the continuation of the same dosage to maintain the therapeutic effects and reduce the risks of toxicity. It is essential to monitor the patient's digitalis levels regularly and adjust the dosage if necessary based on the patient's response and any changes in their clinical status. Switching to a more potent drug, changing the medication, or adding a diuretic would not be appropriate without further assessment and consultation with the healthcare provider managing Lily's digitalis therapy.