Chapter 15 The Gastrointestinal System Review Questions

Chapter 15 The Gastrointestinal System Review Questions Related

Review Chapter 15 The Gastrointestinal System Review Questions related questions and content

The patient experienced a blood transfusion reaction. How should the nurse explain to the patient the cause of the hemolytic jaundice that occurred?

  • A. Results from hepatocellular disease
  • B. Due to a malaria parasite breaking apart red blood cells (RBCs)
  • C. Results from decreased flow of bile through the liver or biliary system
  • D. Due to increased breakdown of RBCs that caused elevated serum unconjugated bilirubin
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Hemolytic jaundice in a blood transfusion reaction is due to increased breakdown of red blood cells (RBCs) causing elevated serum unconjugated bilirubin. This occurs when the patient's immune system reacts to the transfused blood, leading to destruction of RBCs. The breakdown of these cells releases hemoglobin, which is metabolized into bilirubin. This unconjugated bilirubin then accumulates in the blood, causing jaundice.

Choice A is incorrect because hepatocellular disease does not directly cause hemolytic jaundice. Choice B is incorrect as malaria parasite breaking apart RBCs leads to hemolysis, not a blood transfusion reaction. Choice C is incorrect as decreased bile flow through the liver or biliary system typically causes obstructive jaundice, not hemolytic jaundice.

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The nurse is educating a group of older adults on ways to prevent falls. Which statement made by an older adult indicates the need for further teaching?

  • A. "I will make sure that I wear my glasses when I walk outside."
  • B. "I should make sure my home is free of clutter to prevent tripping."
  • C. "I'll make sure I get up slowly from a sitting position to prevent dizziness."
  • D. "I won't need to wear shoes in the house since I am only walking a short distance."
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Walking barefoot increases the risk of slipping and falling, especially for older adults with balance issues. Wearing shoes indoors provides stability and reduces the risk of falls. Choices A, B, and C all demonstrate good fall prevention strategies by addressing vision, home safety, and orthostatic hypotension respectively.

Mumps is inflammation of the ______ salivary gland caused by a virus.

  • A. buccal
  • B. sublingual
  • C. submandibular
  • D. parotid
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: parotid. Mumps is inflammation of the parotid salivary gland. The parotid gland is the largest salivary gland located near the ear. It is commonly affected by the mumps virus, causing swelling and pain.

Rationale:
1. The parotid gland is the main salivary gland affected by the mumps virus.
2. The other choices, buccal, sublingual, and submandibular glands, are not typically associated with mumps.
3. Understanding the anatomical location and function of the salivary glands helps in identifying the correct answer.

A client with a GI disorder has to undergo a barium swallow test. Which of the following diet restrictions are required prior to the test?

  • A. NPO for 8 to 12 hours before the test
  • B. NPO for 6 to 8 hours before the test
  • C. Maintain normal fluid intake 1 or 2 hours before the test
  • D. Avoidance of red meat 3 days prior to testing
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: NPO for 8 to 12 hours before the test. This is necessary to ensure the client's stomach is empty, allowing for clear visualization of the GI tract during the barium swallow test. NPO for a longer duration helps prevent any interference from food or liquids.

Choice B is incorrect because 6-8 hours might not be sufficient for complete emptying of the stomach. Choice C is incorrect as maintaining normal fluid intake may lead to residual fluids in the stomach, affecting test accuracy. Choice D is unrelated to the test and does not impact the visualization of the GI tract.

A patient asks the nurse about taking phentermine and topiramate (Qsymia) for weight loss. To avoid side effects

  • A. it is important for the nurse to determine whether the patient has a history of
  • B. glaucoma.
  • C. hypertension.
  • D. valvular heart disease.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because it is essential to determine if the patient has a history of certain conditions before prescribing Qsymia. This medication can worsen glaucoma (not just a history of it) making option B incorrect. Option C is incorrect because Qsymia can actually help manage hypertension. Option D is incorrect because while valvular heart disease can be a concern, it is not the primary factor to consider before prescribing this medication.

Which of the following is not a function of the adult liver?

  • A. glycogen storage
  • B. detoxification
  • C. synthesis of clotting proteins
  • D. erythropoiesis
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: erythropoiesis. The liver does not have a primary role in the production of red blood cells (erythropoiesis), which is mainly carried out by the bone marrow.
A: The liver stores glycogen for energy regulation.
B: Detoxification is a crucial function of the liver, breaking down harmful substances.
C: The liver synthesizes clotting proteins like fibrinogen.
In summary, while the liver is vital for glycogen storage, detoxification, and clotting protein synthesis, it does not play a significant role in erythropoiesis.