Nokea
The patient is receiving two different drugs. At current dosages and dosage forms, both drugs have the same concentration of the active ingredient. Which term is used to identify this principle?
- A. Bioequivalent
- B. Synergistic
- C. Proddrugs
- D. Steady state
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Two drugs absorbed into the circulation in the same amount (in specific dosage forms) have the same bioavailability; thus, they are bioequivalent. A drug's steady state is the physiologic state in which the amount of drug removed via elimination is equal to the amount of drug absorbed from each dose. The term synergistic refers to two drugs, given together, with a resulting effect that is greater than the sum of the effects of each drug given alone. A prodrug is an inactive drug dosage form that is converted to an active metabolite by various biochemical reactions once it is inside the body.
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The nurse is reviewing pharmacology terms for a group of newly graduated nurses. Which sentence defines a drug's half-life?
- A. The time it takes for the drug to cause half of its therapeutic response
- B. The time it takes for one half of the original amount of a drug to reach the target cells
- C. The time it takes for one half of the original amount of a drug to be removed from the body
- D. The time it takes for one half of the original amount of a drug to be absorbed into the circulation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A drug's half-life is the time it takes for one half of the original amount of a drug to be removed from the body. It is a measure of the rate at which drugs are removed from the body. The other options are incorrect definitions of half-life.
When administering drugs, the nurse remembers that the duration of action of a drug is defined as which of these?
- A. The time it takes for a drug to elicit a therapeutic response
- B. The amount of time needed to remove a drug from circulation
- C. The time it takes for a drug to achieve its maximum therapeutic response
- D. The time period at which a drug's concentration is sufficient to cause a therapeutic response
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Duration of action is the time during which drug's concentration is sufficient to elicit a therapeutic response. The other options do not define duration of action. A drug's onset of action is the time it takes for the drug to elicit a therapeutic response. A drug's peak effect is the time it takes for the drug to reach its maximum therapeutic response. Elimination is the length of time it takes to remove a drug from circulation.
When reviewing the mechanism of action of a specific drug, the nurse reads that the drug works by selective enzyme interaction. Which of these processes describes selective enzyme interaction?
- A. The drug alters cell membrane permeability.
- B. The drug's effectiveness within the cell walls of the target tissue is enhanced.
- C. The drug is attracted to a receptor on the cell wall, preventing an enzyme from binding to that receptor.
- D. The drug binds to an enzyme molecule and inhibits or enhances the enzyme's action with the normal target cell.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: With selective enzyme interaction, the drug attracts the enzymes to bind with the drug instead of allowing the enzymes to bind with their normal target cells. As a result, the target cells are protected from the action of the enzymes. This results in a drug effect. The actions described in the other options do not occur with selective enzyme interactions.
A drug dose that delivers 10 mg has a half-life of 5 hours. Identify how much drug will remain in the body after one half-life.
Correct Answer: 5 mg
Rationale: A drug's half-life is the time required for one half of an administered dose of a drug to be eliminated by the body, or the time it takes for the blood level of a drug to be reduced by 50%. Therefore, one half of 10 mg equals 5 mg.
The nurse is administering parenteral drugs. Which statement is true regarding parenteral drugs?
- A. Parenteral drugs bypass the first-pass effect.
- B. Absorption of parenteral drugs is affected by reduced blood flow to the stomach.
- C. Absorption of parenteral drugs is faster when the stomach is empty.
- D. Parenteral drugs exert their effects while circulating in the bloodstream.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Drugs given by the parenteral route bypass the first-pass effect. Reduced blood flow to the stomach and the presence of food in the stomach apply to enteral drugs (taken orally), not to parenteral drugs. Parenteral drugs must be absorbed into cells and tissues from the circulation before they can exert their effects; they do not exert their effects while circulating in the bloodstream.