Nokea
The patient wants to take the herbal product kava to help him rest at night. The nurse would be concerned about potential interactions if he is taking a medication from which class of drugs?
- A. Digitalis
- B. Anticoagulants
- C. Sedatives
- D. Immunosuppressants
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Kava may cause increased central nervous system depression when combined with sedatives, leading to potential interactions. No significant interactions are noted with digitalis, anticoagulants, or immunosuppressants.
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A 25-year-old woman is visiting the prenatal clinic and shares with the nurse her desire to go 'natural' with her pregnancy. She shows the nurse a list of herbal remedies that she wants to buy so that she can 'avoid taking any drugs.' Which statement by the nurse is correct?
- A. Most herbal remedies are not harmful and are safe for use during pregnancy.'
- B. Please read each label carefully before use to check for cautionary warnings.'
- C. Keep in mind that products from different manufacturers are required to contain consistent amounts of the herbal products.'
- D. It's important to remember that herbal remedies do not have proven safety ratings for pregnant women.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The fact that a drug is an herbal or a dietary supplement does not mean that it can be safely administered to pregnant women. Many herbal products have not been tested for safety during pregnancy. Reading labels may not provide sufficient safety information, and manufacturers are not required to ensure consistent herbal content.
A patient calls the clinic to ask about taking cranberry dietary supplement capsules because a friend recommended them. The nurse will discuss which possible concern when a patient is taking cranberry supplements?
- A. It may increase the risk for bleeding if the patient is taking anticoagulants.
- B. It may increase the risk of toxicity of some psychotherapeutic drugs.
- C. It may reduce elimination of drugs that are excreted by the kidneys.
- D. Cranberry may increase the intensity and duration of effects of caffeine.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cranberry can decrease the elimination of drugs that are renally excreted, potentially increasing their effects or toxicity. It does not significantly affect bleeding risk, psychotherapeutic drugs, or caffeine effects.
The nurse is reviewing the criteria for over-the-counter drugs. Which criteria for over-the-counter status in the United States are accurate? (Select all that apply.)
- A. The drug must be easy to use.
- B. The drug must have a low therapeutic index.
- C. The consumer must be able to monitor the drug's effectiveness.
- D. The drug must have a low potential for abuse.
- E. The drug must not have any interactions with other drugs.
Correct Answer: A,C,D
Rationale: Criteria for OTC status in the U.S. include the drug being easy to use, having a low potential for abuse, and allowing consumers to monitor effectiveness. The drug should have a high therapeutic index (not low) and limited, not zero, interactions with other drugs.
During an assessment, the patient tells the nurse that he takes a garlic supplement for its cardiovascular benefits. Which drug or drug class, if taken, would have a potential interaction with the garlic?
- A. Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
- B. Insulin
- C. Antilipemic drugs
- D. Sedatives
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Garlic may interfere with hypoglycemic drugs like insulin, potentially affecting blood sugar control. No significant interactions are noted with acetaminophen, antilipemic drugs, or sedatives.
The nurse is conducting a class for senior citizens about the use of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. Which statements are true regarding the use of OTC drugs? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Use of OTC drugs may delay treatment of serious ailments.
- B. Drug interactions with OTC medications are rare.
- C. OTC drugs may relieve symptoms without addressing the cause of the problem.
- D. OTC drugs are indicated for long-term treatment of conditions.
- E. Patients may misunderstand product labels and use the drugs improperly.
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: OTC drugs may delay treatment of serious ailments, relieve symptoms without addressing the cause, and patients may misunderstand labels, leading to improper use. Drug interactions with OTC medications are not rare, and OTC drugs are typically intended for short-term, not long-term, treatment.