Nokea
The pediatric nurse, who cares for a 12-year-old patient with septic shock, perceives a potential complication of fluid resuscitation on noting:
- A. a heart rate of 50 beats/min.
- B. a temperature of 102°F (38.9°C).
- C. reports of leg pain.
- D. fluid overload or pulmonary edema.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
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Emil, just had a thyroidectomy this morning. Upon awakening, he complains of circumoral tingling, has a positive Chvostek's sign and positive Trousseau's sign. Nurse Ofel assesses this to be an indication of:
- A. Overstimulation of the parathyroid hormone
- B. Insufficient iodine intake
- C. inadvertent removal of the parathyroid
- D. Overuse of radioactive iodine gland
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The symptoms Emil is experiencing, such as circumoral tingling, positive Chvostek's sign (facial muscle spasm when the facial nerve is tapped), and positive Trousseau's sign (carpal spasm when a blood pressure cuff is inflated), are characteristic signs of hypocalcemia. Hypocalcemia commonly occurs after thyroidectomy due to inadvertent damage or removal of the parathyroid glands. These glands regulate calcium levels in the body by secreting parathyroid hormone (PTH). Therefore, the symptoms Emil is exhibiting are likely due to the overstimulation of the parathyroid hormone in response to decreased calcium levels after the thyroidectomy. Insufficient iodine intake or overuse of radioactive iodine gland would not be the most likely explanations for his symptoms.
Cancer is the second major cause of death in this country. What is the first step toward effective cancer control?
- A. Increasing governmental control of potential carcinogens
- B. Changing habits and customs that predispose the individual to cancer
- C. Conducting more mass screening programs
- D. Educating public and professional people about cancer
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The first step toward effective cancer control is changing habits and customs that predispose individuals to cancer. Prevention is key in reducing the incidence of cancer. By addressing factors like smoking, poor diet, lack of physical activity, excessive alcohol consumption, and exposure to carcinogens in the environment, the risk of developing cancer can be significantly reduced. Education and awareness play a crucial role in encouraging individuals to adopt healthier lifestyles and behaviors to minimize their cancer risk. While screening and early detection are also important aspects of cancer control, prevention through lifestyle modifications is the fundamental strategy in reducing the burden of cancer in the population.
What is the recommended sleep duration for 14-17-year-olds?
- A. 14-17 hours
- B. 8-10 hours
- C. 12-15 hours
- D. 9-11 hours
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
In the presence of convincing history of a severe systemic reaction, the next diagnostic step for those with initially negative skin test is
- A. in vitro serum assay for venom-specific IgE
- B. repeat skin test after 4-6 weeks
- C. serum tryptase level
- D. plasma histamine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
A 32-week preterm baby on mechanical ventilation, recovering from RDS, has a satisfactory blood gas, and ventilatory settings are being reduced for weaning. What is the most valuable indicator that the baby is ready for extubation?
- A. frequency of respiration 35
- B. fraction of inspired O2 0.55
- C. peak expiratory end pressure 6
- D. inspiratory pressure 8
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.