Nokea
The physician orders the antibiotics ampicillin (Omnipen) and gentamicin (Garamycin) for a newly admitted client with an infection. The nurse should:
- A. administer both medications simultaneously.
- B. give the medications sequentially, and flush well between them.
- C. ask the physician or pharmacy which medication to give first and how long to wait before giving the other drug.
- D. start one medication now and begin the other medication in 2-4 hours.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A client with an infection needs both antibiotics as soon as possible. However, the pH of ampicillin is 8-10, and the pH of gentamicin is 3-5.5, making them incompatible when given together. Flushing well between drugs is necessary to prevent interaction. Choice C is incorrect because the nurse, not the physician or pharmacy, should determine the correct administration sequence. Consulting with the pharmacist is appropriate if uncertain. Choice D is incorrect because delaying the second medication by several hours can slow the treatment of the client's infection, as both antibiotics are needed promptly to address the infection effectively. Therefore, the correct action is to give the medications sequentially and flush well between them to prevent any potential interactions.
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Which of the following isoenzymes is elevated in a client who has had a myocardial infarction?
- A. CPK-BB
- B. CPK-MM
- C. CPK-MB
- D. CPK-MI
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: CPK-MB is elevated in clients who have had a myocardial infarction. CPK-BB is elevated in clients who have brain damage, and CPK-MM is elevated in clients who have skeletal muscle damage. CPK-MI does not exist.
A 57-year-old woman is recently widowed. She states, "I will never be able to learn how to manage the finances. My husband did all of that."? Select the nurse's response that could help raise the client's self-esteem.
- A. "You feel inadequate because you have never learned to balance a checkbook."?
- B. "You should have insisted your husband teach you about the finances."?
- C. "You are strong and will learn how to manage your finances after a while."?
- D. "I believe in your strength to learn how to manage your finances in time."?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse should aim to boost the client's self-esteem by providing positive reinforcement. By stating, "You are strong and will learn how to manage your finances after a while,"? the nurse acknowledges the client's strength and capability, encouraging her to believe in herself. Choice A is incorrect as it focuses on the client's inadequacy rather than empowering her. Choice B places unnecessary blame on the client for not taking action in the past. Choice D, though positive, slightly alters the nurse's original phrase, making choice C the most appropriate response to uplift the client's self-esteem.
The presence of which hormone in the urine is specifically indicative of pregnancy?
- A. estrogen
- B. progesterone
- C. testosterone
- D. human chorionic gonadotropin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Human chorionic gonadotropin is found in the urine during pregnancy and specifically indicates pregnancy. The other hormones do not.
A primary belief of psychiatric mental health nursing is:
- A. Most people have the potential to change and grow.
- B. Every person is worthy of dignity and respect.
- C. Human needs are individual to each person.
- D. Some behaviors have no meaning and cannot be understood.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is that every person is worthy of dignity and respect. This is a fundamental principle in psychiatric mental health nursing, emphasizing the importance of treating individuals with dignity and respect regardless of their condition. This belief forms the basis of establishing a therapeutic nurse-client relationship. Choice A is a positive belief, but the primary focus in psychiatric mental health nursing is on respecting the worth and dignity of each individual. Choice C is related to understanding individual human needs but does not encompass the core value of dignity and respect. Choice D is incorrect as psychiatric nursing emphasizes the importance of interpreting and understanding all behaviors as meaningful expressions of the client's experience.
During the work phase of the nurse-client relationship, the client says to her primary nurse, "You think that I could walk if I wanted to, don't you?"? What is the best response by the nurse?
- A. "Yes, if you really wanted to, you could."?
- B. "Tell me why you're concerned about what I think."?
- C. "Do you think you could walk if you wanted to?"?
- D. "I think you're unable to walk now, whatever the cause."?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: This response answers the question honestly and nonjudgmentally and helps to preserve the client's self-esteem. The nurse acknowledges the client's current inability to walk without attributing it to the client's desire. Choice A provides a positive but unrealistic statement that may diminish the client's self-esteem by implying a lack of effort. Choice B deflects the client's question and does not address the underlying concern. Choice C may increase the client's anxiety by suggesting unresolved psychological conflicts related to walking.