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The presence of any of these risk factors means that ______.
- A. Risk modification will have no effect on disease prevention
- B. The chances of getting the disease are increased
- C. A person with risk factors can get the disease
- D. The disease is guaranteed not to get disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The presence of risk factors indicates an increased likelihood or susceptibility to developing a particular disease. While risk modification and healthy lifestyle choices can help reduce the risk, having these risk factors still increases the overall chances of getting the disease compared to individuals without the same risk factors. It is essential for individuals with risk factors to be proactive in managing their health to mitigate the increased risk.
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A patient presents with pallor, fatigue, and dyspnea on exertion. Laboratory tests reveal a low hemoglobin level, low MCV, and elevated red blood cell distribution width (RDW). Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause these findings?
- A. Iron deficiency anemia
- B. Thalassemia
- C. Anemia of chronic disease
- D. Megaloblastic anemia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: #NAME?
A patient presents with a displaced fracture of the distal radius and ulna after a fall. What is the preferred initial treatment for this injury?
- A. Closed reduction and splinting
- B. Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF)
- C. Closed reduction and external fixation (CREF)
- D. Cast immobilization without reduction
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the case of a displaced fracture of the distal radius and ulna, the preferred initial treatment is typically closed reduction and splinting. Closed reduction involves manually realigning the fractured bones without the need for surgery. Splinting is then utilized to immobilize the wrist and forearm to allow for proper healing of the fracture. This approach is often effective in realigning the bones and stabilizing the injury, allowing for adequate healing without the need for more invasive interventions like surgery. Following the initial management with closed reduction and splinting, the patient's progress will be monitored, and further interventions may be considered based on the specific characteristics of the fracture and the patient's response to treatment.
times. II before removing from the shelf. III before measuring actual dose. IV before opening a unit dose-container.
- A. II & III
- B. I, II & III
- C. I & II
- D. I, II, III, & IV
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: It is important to check the medication label against the medication order before administering any medication to ensure accuracy.
Sexual dysfunctions 1ike impotence, erectile dysfunction, and lack of libido are likely possibilities in what, prostatic surgery?
- A. Suprapubic prostatectomy
- B. Transurethral resection of the prostate
- C. Laparoscopic prostatectomy
- D. Perineal prostatectomy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sexual dysfunctions like impotence, erectile dysfunction, and lack of libido are common complications following prostatic surgery. Among the options provided, transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is associated with a higher risk of these sexual dysfunctions. This is because during TURP, the surgical procedure may damage nerves and blood vessels that are crucial for sexual function, leading to impotence, erectile dysfunction, and decreased libido postoperatively.
Which of the following is a common oral manifestation of celiac disease characterized by enamel defects with horizontal or vertical grooves on the teeth?
- A. Dental caries
- B. Enamel hypoplasia
- C. Periodontal disease
- D. Oral candidiasis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Enamel hypoplasia is a common oral manifestation of celiac disease characterized by defects in the enamel of the teeth. These defects can appear as horizontal or vertical grooves on the teeth. Enamel hypoplasia is caused by disruptions in the formation of enamel during tooth development, leading to thin enamel or localized pitting. It can affect the appearance and strength of the teeth, making them more prone to sensitivity and breakdown. In individuals with celiac disease, enamel hypoplasia may occur due to malabsorption of essential nutrients like calcium and vitamin D. Therefore, when observing oral manifestations such as enamel defects with grooves, it is important to consider the possibility of celiac disease as an underlying cause.