Nokea
The primary action of loop diuretics is to:
- A. Inhibit sodium and chloride reabsorption in the loop of Henle.
- B. Block aldosterone receptors in the distal tubule.
- C. Increase osmolarity of the renal tubular fluid.
- D. Inhibit sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Loop diuretics like furosemide inhibit Na+/Cl- reabsorption in the loop of Henle, increasing urine output.
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A nurse is teaching her patient about the use of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. Which of the following statements best informs the patient about their safe use?
- A. OTC drugs are products that are available without prescription for self-treatment of minor complaints.'
- B. OTC drugs are considered medications and should be reported on a drug history.'
- C. OTC drugs were approved as prescription drugs but later were found to be safe without the need for a prescription.'
- D. OTC drugs need to be taken with caution. They can mask the signs and symptoms of an underlying disease and interfere with prescription drug therapy.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: OTC drugs are considered medications and should be reported. OTC drugs are available without a prescription, although some were first approved as prescription drugs. The most important teaching should relate to their safe use and that OTC drugs can mask symptoms of disease and interfere with prescribed drugs.
Choose a drug that does not cause bradycardia:
- A. Clonidine
- B. Guanethidine
- C. Hydralazine causes reflex tactycardia
- D. Propranolol
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hydralazine causes reflex tachycardia, not bradycardia.
A nurse is admitting a client and completing a preassessment before administering medications. Which of the following data should the nurse include in the preassessment? (Select ONE that does not apply.)
- A. Use of herbal teas
- B. Daily fluid intake
- C. Current health status
- D. Previous surgical history
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Herbal teas , health status , surgical history , and allergies impact medication safety; fluid intake is less critical.
antagonist is a substance that:
- A. Binds to the receptors and initiates changes in cell function, producing maximal effect
- B. Binds to the receptors and initiates changes in cell function, producing submaximal effect
- C. Interacts with plasma proteins and doesn't produce any effect
- D. Binds to the receptors without directly altering their functions
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: An antagonist binds receptors without activating them, blocking agonist effects.
Which statement is correct regarding glucagon:
- A. Causes hypoglicemia
- B. Causes hyperglicemia
- C. Haven't affect blood glucose level in blood
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Glucagon causes hyperglycemia by stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver.