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The primary distinguishing characteristic of risk management when compared and contrasted to performance improvement is that risk management activities focus on:
- A. Historical data and performance improvement activities focus on current data.
- B. Current data and performance improvement activities focus on historical data.
- C. Decreasing financial liability and performance improvement activities focus on process improvements.
- D. Decreasing falls and performance improvement activities focus on process improvements.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Risk management focuses on decreasing financial liability by mitigating risks, while performance improvement focuses on enhancing processes and outcomes.
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A client with a history of seizures is prescribed phenytoin (Dilantin). Which laboratory value should the nurse monitor?
- A. Liver function tests
- B. Renal function tests
- C. Complete blood count
- D. Electrolytes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Phenytoin can cause hepatotoxicity, so liver function tests should be monitored regularly to detect potential liver damage early.
The nurse is assessing teenaged girls at a well child clinic. The nurse should describe the girl shown in the figure as having:
- A. Normal posture
- B. Kyphosis
- C. Scoliosis
- D. Lordosis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Scoliosis is characterized by a lateral curvature of the spine, which may be observed in a teenager. Kyphosis involves forward curvature, lordosis involves inward lumbar curvature, and normal posture lacks these abnormalities.
A therapeutic milieu is:
- A. A safe environment of care that is conducive to the prevention of medical errors.
- B. A client care area that provides personal privacy and the confidentiality of medical information.
- C. A European method of design and color to promote health and wellness.
- D. The provision of a therapeutic environment of consistency to promote health.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A therapeutic milieu is a structured environment designed to promote healing and recovery through consistency, safety, and therapeutic interactions.
A client has been diagnosed with Bell's palsy. The nurse assesses the client to determine if which signs/symptoms are present?
- A. Eye paralysis and ptosis of the eyelids
- B. Chewing difficulties and one-sided facial droop
- C. Fixed pupil and an elevated eyelid on one side
- D. Twitching of one side of the face and ruddy cheeks
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bell's palsy is a one-sided facial paralysis resulting from compression of the facial nerve (CN VII). There is facial droop from paralysis of the facial muscles; increased lacrimation; painful sensations in the eye, face, or behind the ear; and chewing difficulties. The other items listed are not associated with this disorder.
An intravenous dose of lorazepam is prescribed for a client. Which data from the client's history would indicate the need to consult with the primary health care provider before administering the medication?
- A. Glaucoma
- B. Hypothyroidism
- C. Diabetes mellitus
- D. Coronary artery disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lorazepam is a benzodiazepine and is contraindicated in clients who are comatose, with preexisting central nervous system (CNS) depression, with uncontrolled severe pain, and those with narrow-angle glaucoma. It is also contraindicated if hypersensitivity or cross-sensitivity with other benzodiazepines exists. It is also not prescribed for clients who are pregnant or breast-feeding.