Nokea
The primary underlying disorder of pulmonary edema is:
- A. Decreased left ventricular pumping
- B. Increased left atrial contractility
- C. Decreased right ventricular elasticity
- D. Increased right atrial pressure
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Pulmonary edema is caused by fluid accumulation in the lungs due to increased pressure in the pulmonary vasculature.
Step 2: Decreased left ventricular pumping leads to congestive heart failure, causing increased pressure in pulmonary circulation.
Step 3: This increased pressure forces fluid from the capillaries into the alveoli, causing pulmonary edema.
Step 4: Increased left atrial contractility (B) would not directly lead to pulmonary edema.
Step 5: Decreased right ventricular elasticity (C) and increased right atrial pressure (D) are not directly related to the pathophysiology of pulmonary edema.
Summary: The correct answer is A because decreased left ventricular pumping directly contributes to the increased pressure in the pulmonary circulation that leads to pulmonary edema. Choices B, C, and D do not align with the primary underlying disorder of pulmonary edema.
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Which statement by a nurse indicates a good understanding about the differences between data validation and data interpretation?
- A. “Data interpretation occurs before data validation.”
- B. “Validation involves looking for patterns in professional standards.”
- C. “Validation involves comparing data with other sources for accuracy.”
- D. “Data interpretation involves discovering patterns in professional standards.”
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because data validation involves verifying the accuracy and consistency of data by comparing it with other reliable sources. This ensures that the data is correct and reliable for analysis. Choice A is incorrect because data validation typically occurs after data collection, which is followed by data interpretation. Choice B is incorrect because validation is not about professional standards but about verifying data accuracy. Choice D is incorrect because data interpretation focuses on deriving meaning and insights from data, not on professional standards. In summary, understanding the differences between data validation and interpretation is crucial for ensuring data accuracy and reliability.
A man‘s blood type is AB and he requires a blood transfusion. To prevent complications of blood incompatibilities, which blood type may the client receive?
- A. Type A or B blood only
- B. Type O blood only
- C. Type AB blood only
- D. Either type A, B, AB, or O blood
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because individuals with AB blood type are considered universal recipients, meaning they can receive blood from any blood type without risking complications due to incompatibility. This is because their blood cells have both A and B antigens and do not produce antibodies against either type. Therefore, the client can safely receive blood from types A, B, AB, or O without adverse reactions.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they limit the options for blood transfusion based on the client's AB blood type, which is not necessary given the unique nature of AB blood as universal recipients.
If Mr. Franco’s Right side is weak, What should be the most accurate analysis by the nurse?
- A. Expressive aphasia is prominent on clients with right sided weakness
- B. The affected lobe in the patient is the Right lobe
- C. The client will have problems in judging distance and proprioception
- D. Clients orientation to time and space will be much affected NEUROLOGIC NURSING Situation: A computer analyst, Mr. Ricardo J. Santos, 25 was brought to the hospital for diagnostic workup after he had experienced seizure in his office.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the right side weakness indicates a lesion in the left hemisphere of the brain. The brain's motor functions are contralaterally controlled, meaning the left hemisphere controls the right side of the body. Therefore, a right-sided weakness suggests a lesion in the left hemisphere. The other choices are incorrect because expressive aphasia is associated with left hemisphere lesions, judgment of distance and proprioception are more related to parietal lobe lesions, and orientation to time and space is not directly linked to right-sided weakness.
At health fair, an oncology nurse answers questions about risk factors for various types of cancer. One person with a family history of colon cancer asks the nurse to identify risk factors for this type of cancer. The nurse should identify:
- A. Smoking
- B. Heavy alcohol consumption
- C. Obesity
- D. Saccharin consumption
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Obesity. Obesity is a known risk factor for colon cancer as it can lead to chronic inflammation and changes in hormone levels, increasing the risk of developing cancerous cells in the colon. Smoking (choice A) is more strongly associated with lung cancer. Heavy alcohol consumption (choice B) is linked to increased risk of liver and esophageal cancer, not colon cancer. Saccharin consumption (choice D) has not been definitively linked to colon cancer. In summary, obesity is the most relevant risk factor for colon cancer among the choices provided.
The nurse administered neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin to a diabetic client at 7am. At what time would the nurse expect the client to be at most risk for a hypoglycemic reaction?
- A. 10:00 AM
- B. 4:00 PM
- C. Noon
- D. 10:00 PM
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale:
1. NPH insulin peaks in 4-12 hours, making 4:00 PM the highest risk time.
2. 10:00 AM is too soon for peak effect.
3. Noon is too early for peak effect.
4. 10:00 PM is too late for peak effect.
In summary, B is correct as it aligns with NPH insulin peak time, while other options are too early or too late.