Nokea
The process of burning a dead body until it turns to ash is
- A. Cremation
- B. Libation
- C. Pronation
- D. Expiration
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cremation. Cremation is the process of burning a dead body until it turns to ash. This involves exposing the body to high temperatures in a crematorium. The other choices are incorrect: B) Libation is the act of pouring out a drink as an offering to a deity or the dead, C) Pronation refers to the rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces downward, and D) Expiration is the act of exhaling air from the lungs.
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You are on-scene with a 55-year-old cardiac history patient who suddenly collapsed during dinner with his family. He is found to be pulseless and apneic with his family performing adequate CPR on arrival. His wife is distraught and hands you a legal DNR order signed by his physician. She states that he does not have a terminal illness and begs you to ignore the legal order and 'do everything in your capabilities to save him!' Which of the following would be most appropriate in this situation?
- A. Contact medical control, and open his airway while awaiting approval for resuscitation before initiating full resuscitation efforts
- B. Take over CPR until you reach the ambulance, then stop all resuscitation efforts as per the legal order
- C. Advise the family to stop CPR, and explain they cannot override the legal DNR order
- D. Initiate full resuscitation efforts including advanced cardiac life support, and contact medical control
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Initiate full resuscitation efforts including advanced cardiac life support, and contact medical control. In this scenario, the patient is found to be pulseless and apneic with CPR being performed by the family. The legal DNR order is not applicable in this situation as the patient does not have a terminal illness. Therefore, it is crucial to prioritize the patient's immediate need for resuscitation. Initiating full resuscitation efforts, including advanced cardiac life support, is necessary to maximize the chances of survival. Contacting medical control will ensure proper guidance and support during the resuscitation process.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect:
A: Contacting medical control and waiting for approval before initiating full resuscitation could delay life-saving interventions.
B: Stopping all resuscitation efforts based on the legal DNR order without considering the patient's current condition would be inappropriate.
C: Advising the family to stop CPR and explaining the legal D
A 40 year old obese patient with GCS of 8 requires a CT scan. Before transfer to the scanner, you should:
- A. Give more sedative drugs
- B. Insert a definitive airway
- C. Insert a multilumen esophageal airway
- D. Request a lateral cervical spine film
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Insert a definitive airway. In a patient with a GCS of 8, airway management is a priority. Inserting a definitive airway ensures proper oxygenation and ventilation during the CT scan, reducing the risk of hypoxia or respiratory compromise. This step takes precedence over giving more sedative drugs (A), as ensuring adequate oxygenation is critical in a patient with altered mental status. Inserting a multilumen esophageal airway (C) is not indicated in this scenario, as it is primarily used for airway management during surgery. Requesting a lateral cervical spine film (D) is not necessary before a CT scan in this case, as securing the airway takes precedence over ruling out cervical spine injury.
Which condition signifies the end of the female's ability to reproduce?
- A. Menopause
- B. Menarche
- C. Micturition
- D. Masturbation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Menopause. Menopause marks the end of a female's ability to reproduce due to the cessation of ovarian function and hormone production, leading to the cessation of menstruation and egg release. Menarche (B) is the onset of menstruation and fertility, not the end. Micturition (C) is the process of urination, unrelated to reproduction. Masturbation (D) is a self-stimulation activity and has no direct impact on reproductive ability.
For a nursing assistant pressure injury care includes
- A. Restricting fluids
- B. Using moisturizers on open skin
- C. Changing position every four hours
- D. Keeping skin dry
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, keeping skin dry. This is important in pressure injury care to prevent moisture-related skin breakdown. Moisture can lead to skin maceration and increase the risk of pressure injuries. Restricting fluids (A) is not appropriate as hydration is essential for overall skin health. Using moisturizers on open skin (B) can trap moisture and worsen the condition. Changing position every four hours (C) is important for preventing pressure injuries but does not directly address the care of existing pressure injuries.
You are cleaning the back of the truck after transporting a trauma patient to the emergency department. Which of the following contaminated items should not be placed in a plastic biohazard bag?
- A. Plastic IV catheter
- B. Nasopharyngeal or oral airway
- C. French suction catheter
- D. Blood-soaked gauze pads
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Plastic IV catheter. The reason is that plastic IV catheters are considered sharp objects and should not be placed in a plastic biohazard bag to prevent accidental needle-stick injuries. Instead, they should be disposed of in a designated sharps container. Nasopharyngeal or oral airway, French suction catheter, and blood-soaked gauze pads can be placed in a plastic biohazard bag as they do not pose the same risk of needle-stick injuries.