Nokea
The process of ____________ helps communities prevent disease.
- A. Sterilization
- B. Sanitation
- C. Asepsis
- D. Immunity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sanitation is the correct answer as it involves promoting clean and hygienic conditions to prevent the spread of diseases. It includes practices like proper waste disposal, clean water supply, and personal hygiene. Sterilization (A) refers to killing all microorganisms, which is not always necessary for disease prevention. Asepsis (C) focuses on preventing infections in healthcare settings, not community-wide disease prevention. Immunity (D) refers to the body's ability to resist infections, which is different from community-wide disease prevention through sanitation.
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A nurse has catheterized a patient to obtain urine to measure postvoid residual (PVR) amount. The nurse obtains 40 mL of urine. What should the nurse do next?
- A. Report this abnormal finding to the physician.
- B. Perform another catheterization to verify the amount.
- C. Document this normal finding for postvoid residual.
- D. Palpate the abdomen for a distended bladder.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: 40 mL is within normal PVR (<50-100 mL); document it.
What information does a Safety Data Sheet (SDS) contain?
- A. Costs of the chemical
- B. Comparisons with other chemicals
- C. Names of other facilities using the chemical
- D. Description of emergency response actions
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because a Safety Data Sheet (SDS) provides crucial information on emergency response actions in case of accidents or spills involving the chemical. It includes details on handling, storage, first aid measures, and spill cleanup procedures. Option A is incorrect because the SDS does not contain information on the costs of the chemical. Option B is incorrect because the SDS focuses on the specific chemical's properties and hazards, not comparisons with other chemicals. Option C is incorrect as the SDS does not list names of other facilities but rather focuses on providing information for safe handling within the user's facility.
A nurse is caring for a comatose patient. What can happen to the feet if they are unsupported in the dorsiflexed position?
- A. heel extension and pain
- B. toe contractures and numbness
- C. plantar extension and arch loss
- D. plantar flexion and footdrop
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Unsupported feet drop into plantar flexion, risking footdrop.
Which of the following statements is true of cast care?
- A. Keep the cast wet or damp.
- B. Use a sharp object to remove items that have fallen inside the cast.
- C. Elevate an extremity that is in a cast.
- D. Use warm water and soap to wash the cast when it gets dirty.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Elevate an extremity that is in a cast. Elevating the extremity helps reduce swelling and promote circulation, aiding in the healing process. Elevating the casted limb above the heart level also helps to reduce pain and discomfort.
A: Keeping the cast wet or damp can lead to skin irritation, infection, and weakening of the cast material.
B: Using a sharp object to remove items inside the cast can cause injury to the skin and the underlying tissues.
D: Using warm water and soap to wash the cast can weaken the cast material and may lead to skin irritation and infection.
A nurse is shaving the facial hair of a bed-ridden patient. Which of the following is a recommended guideline for this procedure?
- A. Fill bath basin with cool water.
- B. Apply shaving cream approximately 1 inch thick.
- C. Shave with the direction of hair growth in downward, short strokes.
- D. Do not use aftershave or lotion on area shaved.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Shaving with hair growth reduces irritation and cuts.