Nokea
The process of release of ovum from the ovary is termed as
- A. Dessication
- B. Ovulation
- C. Fenestration
- D. Maturation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ovulation. Ovulation is the process of the release of the mature egg (ovum) from the ovary. During ovulation, the egg is released into the fallopian tube where it can potentially be fertilized by sperm. Dessication (A) refers to the process of drying out, Fenestration (C) is the creation of an opening or hole, and Maturation (D) is the process of becoming mature. Therefore, the correct term specifically related to the release of the egg from the ovary is ovulation.
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The outer fibrous vascular membrane that covers the surface of a long bone is termed as
- A. Endomysium
- B. Periosteum
- C. Perimysium
- D. Endosteum
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Periosteum. The periosteum is the outer fibrous vascular membrane that covers the surface of a long bone. It plays a crucial role in bone growth, repair, and nutrition. The endomysium (A) is a connective tissue sheath that surrounds individual muscle fibers, not bones. The perimysium (C) is a connective tissue sheath that surrounds bundles of muscle fibers, not bones. The endosteum (D) is a thin membrane that lines the inner surface of bones, not the outer surface. Therefore, the periosteum is the correct choice for the outer fibrous vascular membrane covering a long bone.
Which of the following assessments does a nurse obtain to ensure a thorough baseline history of a client?
- A. Age of menarche, the first menstruation
- B. Accident history
- C. Mother's past menstruation patterns
- D. Frequency of sexual activities
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The age of menarche is a critical piece of information for understanding a woman's reproductive health history.
The vascularization of the Fallopian tubes is provided by branches off the following artery:
- A. uterine;
- B. ovarian;
- C. external iliac;
- D. abdominal aorta;
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: uterine artery. The uterine artery provides blood supply to the Fallopian tubes. It arises from the internal iliac artery and gives off branches that vascularize the tubes. The ovarian artery primarily supplies blood to the ovaries, not the Fallopian tubes. The external iliac artery supplies the lower extremities, not the reproductive organs. The abdominal aorta is a main artery that gives rise to multiple branches supplying various organs, but it does not directly supply the Fallopian tubes.
Your 30 year old female patient is c/o bad-smelling vaginal discharge with mild itching for about 3 weeks. Douching did not help. Denies painful urination or intercourse. She noticed the smell increased after intercourse and during her period last week. There are no lesions on the perineum. No lymphadenopathy. On speculum examination, there is a thin gray-white discharge. The pH of the discharge is over 4.5 and there is a fishy odor when potassium hydroxide (KOH) is applied to the vaginal secretions on the slide. Wet prep shows epithelial cells with stippled border (clue cells). What type of vaginitis best describes the findings?
- A. Trichomonas vaginitis
- B. Candida vaginitis
- C. Bacterial vaginosis
- D. Atrophic vaginitis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Bacterial vaginosis. The key findings in this scenario point towards bacterial vaginosis. The presence of thin gray-white discharge, fishy odor with KOH, pH over 4.5, and clue cells on wet prep are classic for bacterial vaginosis. Trichomonas vaginitis (choice A) typically presents with yellow-green frothy discharge and motile trichomonads on microscopy. Candida vaginitis (choice B) is characterized by thick, white, cottage cheese-like discharge and budding yeast or pseudohyphae on microscopy. Atrophic vaginitis (choice D) usually occurs in menopausal women due to estrogen deficiency and presents with thin, pale vaginal walls and vaginal dryness. In this case, the absence of these findings makes bacterial vaginosis the most likely diagnosis.
Sella turcica is a __________ in the sphenoid bone in which
- B. Groove
- C. Projection
- D. Depression
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Depression. Sella turcica is a saddle-shaped depression in the sphenoid bone that houses the pituitary gland. It is not a groove (B) as it is a deeper concavity. It is not a projection (C) as it is a recessed area rather than a raised structure. It is not a foramen (A) as it is a hollowed-out area rather than a small opening. Therefore, the most accurate description of sella turcica is a depression in the sphenoid bone.