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The public health nurse is giving a lecture on potential outbreaks of infectious meningitis. Which population is most at risk for an outbreak?
- A. Clients recently discharged from the hospital.
- B. Residents of a college dormitory.
- C. Individuals who visit a third world country.
- D. Employees in a high-rise office building.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: College dormitory residents (B) are at high risk for meningococcal meningitis due to close living conditions and shared spaces. Hospital discharges (A), travel (C), or office workers (D) are less specific risks.
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Before discharge, the nurse instructs the client about administering subcutaneous injections and correctly explains the client should rotate injections between which two areas?
- A. Thighs and hips
- B. Forearms and hips
- C. Thighs and abdomen
- D. Abdomen and buttocks
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rotating injections between the thighs and abdomen minimizes tissue damage and ensures consistent absorption.
The nurse is planning the care for a client diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease. Which would be a therapeutic goal of treatment for the disease process?
- A. The client will experience periods of akinesia throughout the day.
- B. The client will take the prescribed medications correctly.
- C. The client will be able to enjoy a family outing with the spouse.
- D. The client will be able to carry out activities of daily living.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A therapeutic goal for Parkinson’s disease is to maximize functional ability, such as carrying out ADLs (D). Akinesia (A) is a symptom to minimize, medication adherence (B) is a means to the goal, and family outings (C) are less specific.
The unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) is attempting to put an oral airway in the mouth of a client having a tonic-clonic seizure. Which action should the primary nurse take?
- A. Help the UAP to insert the oral airway in the mouth.
- B. Tell the UAP to stop trying to insert anything in the mouth.
- C. Take no action because the UAP is handling the situation.
- D. Notify the charge nurse of the situation immediately.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Inserting objects during a seizure (B) risks injury to the mouth or airway and is contraindicated. The nurse must intervene immediately. Helping the UAP (A) is unsafe, taking no action (C) neglects responsibility, and notifying the charge nurse (D) delays correction.
Which statement best describes the scientific rationale for alternating a nonnarcotic antipyretic and a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) every two (2) hours to a female client diagnosed with bacterial meningitis?
- A. This regimen helps to decrease the purulent exudate surrounding the meninges.
- B. These medications will decrease intracranial pressure and brain metabolism.
- C. These medications will increase the client’s memory and orientation.
- D. This will help prevent a yeast infection secondary to antibiotic therapy.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Alternating antipyretics and NSAIDs (B) reduces fever and inflammation, lowering ICP and brain metabolism in meningitis. Exudate (A) is addressed by antibiotics, memory/orientation (C) is not directly affected, and yeast infections (D) are unrelated.
The son of a client diagnosed with ALS asks the nurse, 'Is there any chance that I could get this disease?' Which statement by the nurse would be most appropriate?
- A. It must be scary to think you might get this disease.'
- B. No, this disease is not genetic or contagious.'
- C. ALS does have a genetic factor and runs in families.'
- D. If you are exposed to the same virus, you may get the disease.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: About 5–10% of ALS cases are familial, with a genetic component (C). Reflecting fear (A) is vague, denying genetics (B) is incorrect, and viral causes (D) are not established.