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The public health nurse is teaching day-care workers. Which type of hepatitis is transmitted by the fecal-oral route via contaminated food, water, or direct contact with an infected person?
- A. Hepatitis A.
- B. Hepatitis B.
- C. Hepatitis C.
- D. Hepatitis D.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hepatitis A is transmitted via the fecal-oral route through contaminated food, water, or contact, common in settings like daycares. Other types are bloodborne or require co-infection.
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The client diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease has a serum potassium level of 3.4 mEq/L. Which action should the nurse implement first?
- A. Notify the health-care provider (HCP).
- B. Assess the client for muscle weakness.
- C. Request telemetry for the client.
- D. Prepare to administer potassium IV.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A potassium level of 3.4 mEq/L is slightly low, warranting assessment for symptoms like muscle weakness, which could indicate hypokalemia severity. Notification or intervention would follow based on clinical findings, but assessment is the first step.
The client who has had an abdominal perineal resection is being discharged. Which discharge information should the nurse teach?
- A. The stoma should be a white, blue, or purple color.
- B. Limit ambulation to prevent the pouch from coming off.
- C. Take pain medication when the pain level is at an '8.'
- D. Empty the pouch when it is one-third to one-half full.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Emptying the pouch when one-third to one-half full prevents leaks and skin irritation. A healthy stoma is pink/moist, ambulation is encouraged, and pain medication should be taken before pain becomes severe.
Which outcome should the nurse identify for the client diagnosed with aphthous stomatitis?
- A. The client will be able to cope with perceived stress.
- B. The client will consume a balanced diet.
- C. The client will deny any difficulty swallowing.
- D. The client will take antacids as prescribed.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Aphthous stomatitis (canker sores) can cause painful swallowing, so denying difficulty swallowing is a key outcome. Stress coping and diet are secondary, and antacids are irrelevant.
A client had a barium enema. Following the barium enema, the nurse should anticipate an order for which of the following?
- A. An antacid
- B. A laxative
- C. A muscle relaxant
- D. A sedative
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Barium is constipating, and a laxative is typically ordered to prevent bowel obstruction post-barium enema.
The client diagnosed with ulcerative colitis has an ileostomy. Which statement indicates the client needs more teaching concerning the ileostomy?
- A. My stoma should be pink and moist.
- B. I will irrigate my ileostomy every morning.
- C. If I get a red, bumpy, itchy rash I will call my HCP.
- D. I will change my pouch if it starts leaking.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ileostomies typically do not require routine irrigation, as the output is liquid and continuous, unlike colostomies. The other statements reflect correct understanding of stoma care and management.