Nokea
The reason that the hematocrit is so high is
- A. chronic hypoxia
- B. it was taken in a low cardiac output state
- C. it was a peripheral finger stick
- D. embolic stroke
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chronic hypoxia leads to secondary polycythemia as a compensatory mechanism.
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Mechanisms of dyspnea in left heart disease include all, except
- A. PVH and decreased lung compliance
- B. Respiratory muscle fatigue
- C. Elevated LV End diastolic pressure leads to decreased antegrade coronary blood flow
- D. Reverse 'Bernheim' effect
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Elevated LV end-diastolic pressure does not typically lead to decreased antegrade coronary blood flow.
Causes of short stature include:
- A. Steroids at a dose of> 2 mg/kg for 4 weeks
- B. Osteogenesis imperfecta
- C. Hypochondroplasia
- D. Morquio syndrome
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because prolonged high-dose steroid use can cause growth suppression and short stature. The other options (b-e) are genetic or metabolic conditions that can also cause short stature.
The pH of urine:
- A. Is a useful indicator of the acid/base balance of blood
- B. Rises on a vegetarian diet
- C. Is determined by the concentration of ammonium
- D. Is lower than 5.5 in renal tubular acidosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Urine pH reflects blood acid/base balance. A vegetarian diet typically raises urine pH, and renal tubular acidosis causes a higher pH, not lower.
During a home visit, the nurse assesses the skin of a client with eczema who reports that an exacerbation of symptoms has occurred during the last week. Which information is most useful in determining the possible cause of the symptoms?
- A. An old friend with eczema came for a visit
- B. Recently received an influenza immunization
- C. A grandson and his new dog recently visited
- D. Corticosteroid cream was applied to eczema
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Exposure to new allergens, such as a pet, can trigger eczema flare-ups.
Which is not useful to test brainstem death in suspected cervical spine injury?
- A. Pupillary light reflex
- B. Doll's-eyes reflex
- C. Corneal reflex
- D. Oculo-vestibular reflex
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Doll's-eyes reflex is not used in suspected cervical spine injury due to the risk of further injury.