Nokea
The school nurse is counseling a group of adolescent girls. What does the nurse explain about sperm ejaculated near the cervix?
- A. They are destroyed by the acidic pH of the vagina.
- B. They survive up to 5 days and can cause pregnancy.
- C. They lose their motility in about 12 hours after intercourse.
- D. They are usually pushed out of the vagina by the muscular action of the vaginal wall.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sperm ejaculated near the cervix can survive up to 5 days and cause pregnancy even before ovulation.
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A patient in labor is experiencing back labor and complains of severe back pain. Which position is likely to provide the most comfort?
- A. Supine with knees bent
- B. Hands and knees position
- C. Lying flat on the left side
- D. Sitting upright in a chair
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hands and knees position. This position helps relieve pressure on the lower back by allowing the baby to shift away from the mother's spine, reducing back pain. It also promotes optimal fetal positioning for labor progress.
A: Supine with knees bent may worsen back labor by putting pressure on the spine.
C: Lying flat on the left side does not actively alleviate back pain or assist with fetal positioning.
D: Sitting upright in a chair may not provide the same relief as the hands and knees position since it doesn't encourage the baby to shift position away from the back.
The embryo is termed a fetus at which stage of prenatal development?
- A. 2 weeks
- B. 4 weeks
- C. 9 weeks
- D. 16 weeks
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The fetus (third stage of prenatal development) begins at the ninth week and continues until the 40th week of gestation or until birth.
A nurse is assisting a postpartum person with breastfeeding. What is the best intervention to help relieve nipple pain?
- A. apply lanolin cream
- B. administer analgesics
- C. apply a warm compress
- D. apply cold compresses
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: apply lanolin cream. Lanolin cream helps to soothe and moisturize the nipples, reducing pain and promoting healing. It is safe for the baby and does not need to be removed before breastfeeding. Applying analgesics (B) is not recommended as they can be harmful to the baby. Warm compresses (C) may not provide the same level of relief for nipple pain as lanolin cream. Cold compresses (D) are not suitable for relieving nipple pain as they can further exacerbate discomfort. Therefore, applying lanolin cream is the best intervention for relieving nipple pain during breastfeeding.
A nurse is caring for a pregnant patient who is 24 weeks gestation and has been diagnosed with anemia. What should the nurse teach the patient about managing this condition?
- A. Increase iron-rich foods and take iron supplements as prescribed.
- B. Rest frequently and avoid physical activity to prevent exhaustion.
- C. Limit intake of dairy products to prevent iron deficiency.
- D. Incorporate more vitamin D-rich foods into the diet to help the body absorb iron.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because increasing iron-rich foods and taking iron supplements as prescribed is the standard treatment for managing anemia during pregnancy. Iron is essential for red blood cell production, which is crucial for both the mother and the developing fetus. Resting frequently (choice B) may help with fatigue but does not address the root cause of anemia. Limiting dairy intake (choice C) is not necessary and may lead to other nutritional deficiencies. Incorporating vitamin D-rich foods (choice D) can be beneficial for overall health but does not specifically address the management of anemia.
A pregnant patient at 28 weeks gestation reports lower back pain. What should the nurse do first?
- A. Administer pain medication and encourage rest.
- B. Assess the patient's posture and recommend appropriate exercises.
- C. Instruct the patient to lie flat on her back to relieve pain.
- D. Perform a pelvic exam to check for any underlying complications.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because assessing the patient's posture and recommending appropriate exercises can help alleviate lower back pain during pregnancy. Poor posture and lack of exercise are common causes of back pain in pregnancy. Administering pain medication as in choice A may not address the root cause. Instructing the patient to lie flat on her back (choice C) can actually worsen back pain and pose risks during pregnancy. Performing a pelvic exam (choice D) is not necessary unless there are specific indications for it related to the patient's complaint. Therefore, choice B is the most appropriate initial action to address the lower back pain in this pregnant patient.