Nokea
The school nurse is evaluating the number of school-age children classified as obese. The nurse recognizes that the percentile of body mass index that classifies a child as obese is greater than which?
- A. 50th percentile
- B. 75th percentile
- C. 80th percentile
- D. 95th percentile
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Obesity in children and adolescents is defined as a body mass index at or greater than the 95th percentile for youth of the same age and gender.
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The nurse is teaching parents about the types of behaviors children exhibit when living with chronic violence. Which statement made by the parents indicates further teaching is needed?
- A. We should watch for aggressive play.
- B. Our child may show lasting symptoms of stress.
- C. We know that our child will show caring behaviors.
- D. Our child may have difficulty concentrating in school.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The statement that the child will show caring behaviors needs further teaching. Children living with chronic violence may exhibit behaviors such as difficulty concentrating in school, memory impairment, aggressive play, uncaring behaviors, and lasting symptoms of stress.
The clinic nurse is reviewing statistics on infant mortality for the United States versus other countries. Compared with other countries that have a population of at least 25 million, the nurse makes which determination?
- A. The United States is ranked last among 27 countries.
- B. The United States is ranked similar to 20 other developed countries.
- C. The United States is ranked in the middle of 20 other developed countries.
- D. The United States is ranked highest among 27 other industrialized countries.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Although the death rate has decreased, the United States still ranks last in infant mortality among nations with a population of at least 25 million. The United States has the highest infant death rate of developed nations.
Which best describes signs and symptoms as part of a nursing diagnosis?
- A. Description of potential risk factors
- B. Identification of actual health problems
- C. Human response to state of illness or health
- D. Cues and clusters derived from patient assessment
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Signs and symptoms are the cues and clusters of defining characteristics that are derived from a patient assessment and indicate actual health problems. The first part of the nursing diagnosis is the problem statement, also known as the human response to the state of illness or health. The identification of actual health problems may be part of the medical diagnosis. The nursing diagnosis is based on the human response to these problems. The human response is therefore a component of the nursing diagnostic statement. Potential risk factors are used to identify nursing care needs to avoid the development of an actual health problem when a potential one exists.
The school nurse is assessing children for risk factors related to childhood injuries. Which child has the most risk factors related to childhood injury?
- A. Female, multiple siblings, stable home life
- B. Male, high activity level, stressful home life
- C. Male, even tempered, history of previous injuries
- D. Female, reacts negatively to new situations, no serious previous injuries
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Boys have a preponderance for injuries over girls because of a difference in behavioral characteristics, a high activity temperament is associated with risk-taking behaviors, and stress predisposes children to increased risk taking and self-destructive behaviors. Therefore, a male child with a high activity level and living in a stressful environment has the highest number of risk factors. A girl with several siblings and a stable home life is low risk. A boy with previous injuries has two risk factors, but an even temper is not a risk factor for injuries. A girl who reacts negatively to new situations but has no previous serious illnesses has only one risk factor.
An adolescent patient wants to make decisions about treatment options, along with his parents. Which moral value is the nurse displaying when supporting the adolescent to make decisions?
- A. Justice
- B. Autonomy
- C. Beneficence
- D. Nonmaleficence
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Autonomy is the patients right to be self-governing. The adolescent is trying to be autonomous, so the nurse is supporting this value. Justice is the concept of fairness. Beneficence is the obligation to promote the patients well-being. Nonmaleficence is the obligation to minimize or prevent harm.