HESI Pediatrics Quizlet

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The school nurse is presenting a class to a group of students about common overuse disorders. Which disorder would the school nurse include?

  • A. Dislocated radial head
  • B. Transient synovitis of the hip
  • C. Osgood-Schlatter disease
  • D. Scoliosis
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Osgood-Schlatter disease. This condition is a common overuse injury that affects the knee. Osgood-Schlatter disease typically occurs in children and adolescents who are involved in activities that require frequent running, jumping, and kicking. It is characterized by pain, swelling, and tenderness at the tibial tuberosity, where the patellar tendon inserts into the tibia.

Choice A, Dislocated radial head, is not an overuse disorder but rather a form of elbow injury where the head of the radius bone is displaced from its normal position.

Choice B, Transient synovitis of the hip, is a self-limiting condition that causes hip pain and limping in children. It is not typically considered an overuse disorder.

Choice D, Scoliosis, is a condition characterized by an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. While it may be related to certain activities or postures, it is not primarily classified as an overuse disorder.

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When assessing a child with suspected bacterial meningitis, what clinical manifestation is the nurse likely to observe?

  • A. Photophobia
  • B. High fever
  • C. Rash
  • D. Nasal congestion
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: High fever. In bacterial meningitis, a high fever is a common clinical manifestation due to the body's inflammatory response to the infection. While photophobia (choice A) is also a common symptom in meningitis, it is not as specific as a high fever. Rash (choice C) is more commonly associated with viral infections or other conditions, rather than bacterial meningitis. Nasal congestion (choice D) is not a typical clinical manifestation of bacterial meningitis and is more commonly seen in respiratory infections. Therefore, when assessing a child with suspected bacterial meningitis, the nurse is most likely to observe a high fever as a key clinical manifestation.

During a primary survey of a child with partial thickness burns over the upper body areas, what action should the nurse take first?

  • A. Inspect the child's skin color.
  • B. Assess for a patent airway.
  • C. Observe for symmetric breathing.
  • D. Palpate the child's pulse.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When managing a child with partial thickness burns over the upper body areas, the priority action during the primary survey is to assess for a patent airway. This step is crucial as burns in this region can lead to airway compromise, potentially causing rapid deterioration in the child's condition. Checking for a patent airway ensures that the child can breathe adequately, which is essential for oxygenation and ventilation. Inspecting the child's skin color (Choice A) is an important assessment but should follow ensuring a patent airway. Observing for symmetric breathing (Choice C) is relevant, but the immediate focus should be on securing the airway. Palpating the child's pulse (Choice D) is also a vital assessment, but in this scenario, the priority is to assess and maintain a clear airway to support respiratory function and oxygen delivery.

What is the most common cause of shock (hypoperfusion) in infants and children?

  • A. infection
  • B. cardiac failure
  • C. accidental poisoning
  • D. severe allergic reaction
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Infection is the most common cause of shock in infants and children due to their increased susceptibility to sepsis. Infants and children have underdeveloped immune systems, making them more prone to infections that can lead to septic shock. While cardiac failure is a serious condition, it is not the most common cause of shock in this population. Accidental poisoning, though dangerous, is less common than infection in causing shock in infants and children. Severe allergic reactions can lead to anaphylactic shock, but they are not as prevalent as infections in causing shock in this age group.

What should be the priority action when caring for a child with acute laryngotracheobronchitis?

  • A. Initiate measures to reduce fever.
  • B. Ensure delivery of humidified oxygen.
  • C. Provide support to reduce apprehension.
  • D. Continually assess the respiratory status.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: When caring for a child with acute laryngotracheobronchitis, the priority action should be to continually assess the respiratory status. This is crucial to detect early signs of respiratory distress, such as worsening stridor or increased work of breathing. Prompt intervention can prevent further deterioration of the child's condition. Initiating measures to reduce fever (Choice A) may be necessary but is not the priority in this situation. Ensuring delivery of humidified oxygen (Choice B) is important for maintaining oxygenation but should follow the assessment of respiratory status. Providing support to reduce apprehension (Choice C) is also important for the child's comfort but is not the priority over assessing and managing respiratory distress.

A healthcare professional is assessing a child with suspected appendicitis. What clinical manifestation is the healthcare professional likely to observe?

  • A. Right lower quadrant pain
  • B. Left lower quadrant pain
  • C. Rebound tenderness
  • D. Epigastric pain
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Right lower quadrant pain is a characteristic clinical manifestation of appendicitis. The appendix is typically located in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen, so pain in this area is a common symptom. Left lower quadrant pain (Choice B) is less likely in cases of appendicitis. Rebound tenderness (Choice C) is a sign of peritonitis, not specific to appendicitis. Epigastric pain (Choice D) is more indicative of upper gastrointestinal issues rather than appendicitis.

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