Nokea
The section of the GI tract where no digestion takes place is the
- A. Mouth.
- B. Esophagus.
- C. Stomach.
- D. Small intestine.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The esophagus transports food from the mouth to the stomach without any digestive processes.
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Which of the following are correct calorie counts for one gram of each?
- A. Protein = 9 kcal, carbohydrates = 9 kcal, fat = 4 kcal
- B. Protein = 9 kcal, carbohydrates = 4 kcal, fat = 4 kcal
- C. Protein = 4 kcal, carbohydrates = 4 kcal, fat = 9 kcal
- D. Protein = 4 kcal, carbohydrates = 9 kcal, fat = 9 kcal
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Protein and carbohydrates provide 4 kcal per gram, while fat provides 9 kcal per gram.
Identify three factors and describe how they will increase an individual's water needs.
- A. Physical activity
- B. Hot weather
- C. Illness (e.g., fever)
- D. Pregnancy
- E. Lactation
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: Physical activity increases water loss through sweat; hot weather increases hydration needs; illness like fever causes fluid loss.
How can increasing the fiber intake in one's diet lead to a reduced caloric intake?
- A. Fiber promotes satiety, reducing overall food intake.
- B. Fiber binds to calories, preventing absorption.
- C. Fiber speeds up metabolism, burning more calories.
- D. Fiber replaces high-calorie foods in the diet.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fiber increases feelings of fullness, leading to reduced food consumption and lower caloric intake.
The digestive enzymes needed to digest starches and proteins are released from the
- A. Liver and gallbladder.
- B. Lymphatic system.
- C. Pancreas and small intestine.
- D. Cecum.
- E. Ascending colon.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The pancreas releases enzymes like amylase and proteases, and the small intestine releases additional enzymes for digestion.
Which are true of the current eating patterns in the United States, according to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2015-2020?
- A. Three-fourths of us are low in consuming the recommended amounts of vegetables, fruits, dairy, and oils.
- B. We meet or exceed the protein recommendations but are not getting enough subgroups of proteins, such as seafood, nuts, and soy products.
- C. Most of us exceed the recommendations for added sugars, fats, and sodium.
- D. Nearly half of all adults, children, and youth in the United States are overweight or obese.
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D
Rationale: The guidelines highlight deficiencies in vegetables, fruits, dairy, oils, and protein subgroups, plus excess sugars, fats, sodium, and high obesity rates.