Nokea
The serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level is elevated with some malignant germ cell tumors (GCTs) especially endodermal sinus tumors; it can be used as a measure of treatment response and during follow-up after completion of chemotherapy. However, it is normally elevated during infancy. At which age does AFP physiologically fall to normal adult level?
- A. three month
- B. eight month
- C. one year
- D. three year
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
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Risk factors for birth brachial plexus injury include the following EXCEPT
- A. shoulder dystocia
- B. birthweight greater than 4 kg
- C. primiparous mothers
- D. diabetic mother
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Risk factors for birth brachial plexus injury include the following EXCEPT
- A. shoulder dystocia
- B. birthweight greater than 4 kg
- C. primiparous mothers
- D. diabetic mother
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
A caregiver is teaching a parent of a child with a new prescription for ferrous sulfate tablets. Which of the following instructions should the caregiver include in the teaching?
- A. Give the medication with milk.
- B. Take the medication on an empty stomach.
- C. Avoid giving the medication with orange juice.
- D. Brush the child's teeth after administration.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Which principle does not follow neuromaturational theory?
- A. The sequence and rate of motor development are consistent among infants
- B. Movement emerges from an interaction and cooperation of many systems
- C. Movement progresses from primitive reflexes to voluntary control
- D. Low-level skills are prerequisites for certain high-level skills
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Neuromaturational theory emphasizes that motor development progresses in a predictable sequence and rate, starting from primitive reflexes to voluntary control. It also states that low-level skills are foundational for higher-level skills. However, the theory does not support the idea that movement solely emerges from an interaction and cooperation of many systems, as it focuses more on the hierarchical development of motor skills.
Which clinical manifestations should the nurse anticipate when assessing a child admitted to the hospital unit with a diagnosis of minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS)?
- A. Massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema
- B. Hematuria, bacteriuria, and weight gain
- C. Decreased urine specific gravity and increased urinary output
- D. Gross hematuria, albuminuria, and fever
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) is characterized by massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema. Proteinuria results from the loss of proteins, particularly albumin, in the urine, leading to hypoalbuminemia. The low oncotic pressure due to hypoalbuminemia causes fluid to shift into the interstitial spaces, resulting in edema. These clinical manifestations are classic signs of MCNS and help differentiate it from other renal conditions.