ATI Learning System PN Medical Surgical Final Quizlet

ATI Learning System PN Medical Surgical Final Quizlet Related

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The sister of a patient diagnosed with BRCA gene¢â‚¬"related breast cancer asks the nurse, 'Do you think I should be tested for the gene?' Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?

  • A. In most cases, breast cancer is not caused by the BRCA gene.
  • B. It depends on how you will feel if the test is positive for the BRCA gene.
  • C. There are many things to consider before deciding to have genetic testing.
  • D. You should decide first whether you are willing to have a bilateral mastectomy.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because genetic testing for the BRCA gene involves complex considerations beyond just the test results. By stating that there are many things to consider before deciding to have genetic testing, the nurse acknowledges the importance of discussing the potential implications of the test result, such as emotional, social, and medical factors. This response promotes informed decision-making and empowers the patient to make a well-considered choice.

Choices A, B, and D are incorrect:
A: This statement is inaccurate as a significant proportion of breast cancers are indeed linked to the BRCA gene mutations.
B: This response oversimplifies the decision-making process by focusing solely on emotional aspects, neglecting other critical factors that should be considered before genetic testing.
D: This option is not appropriate as it suggests a specific treatment option (bilateral mastectomy) without addressing the broader aspects of genetic testing and decision-making.

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What is the primary goal of care for a client experiencing esophageal varices secondary to liver cirrhosis?

  • A. Preventing infection
  • B. Controlling bleeding
  • C. Reducing portal hypertension
  • D. Maintaining nutritional status
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The primary goal of care for a client with esophageal varices secondary to liver cirrhosis is to control bleeding. This is because esophageal varices can lead to life-threatening hemorrhage. By controlling bleeding, we can prevent severe complications and potentially save the client's life. Preventing infection (Choice A) is important but not the primary goal in this case. Reducing portal hypertension (Choice C) is a long-term goal and may help prevent variceal bleeding in the future, but it is not the immediate priority. Maintaining nutritional status (Choice D) is important for overall health but is not the primary goal when managing acute bleeding from esophageal varices.

What is the primary action of a short-acting beta2-agonist (SABA) prescribed to a patient with an acute asthma exacerbation?

  • A. Reduce inflammation
  • B. Relieve bronchospasm
  • C. Thin respiratory secretions
  • D. Suppress cough
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Relieve bronchospasm. Short-acting beta2-agonists (SABAs) like albuterol act by stimulating beta2 receptors in the airway smooth muscle, leading to bronchodilation and relieving bronchospasm. This helps to quickly open up the airways during an acute asthma exacerbation. Choice A is incorrect because SABAs do not directly reduce inflammation. Choice C is incorrect as SABAs do not affect respiratory secretions. Choice D is incorrect as SABAs do not suppress cough but rather target bronchospasm.

The community mental health nurse is planning to visit four clients with schizophrenia today. Which client should the nurse see first?

  • A. The mother who took her children from school because aliens were after them.
  • B. The young man who has a history of substance abuse and no telephone.
  • C. The newly diagnosed client who needs to be evaluated for medication compliance.
  • D. The young woman who believes she is to blame for her recent miscarriage.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: The mother who took her children from school because aliens were after them should be seen first. This choice indicates potential harm to the children due to the mother's delusions, posing an immediate safety concern. The nurse needs to assess the situation and ensure the children's safety. Choices B, C, and D do not present immediate safety risks. B is a history of substance abuse but no current immediate danger. C is newly diagnosed and can wait for evaluation, as can D who may need support but is not in immediate danger. Prioritizing safety is crucial in mental health nursing.

When providing dietary instructions to a client with cirrhosis, which dietary restriction is important for the nurse to emphasize?

  • A. Low-protein diet
  • B. Low-sodium diet
  • C. High-fiber diet
  • D. High-calcium diet
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: Correct answer is B (Low-sodium diet) for cirrhosis because sodium can worsen fluid retention and increase ascites. A (Low-protein diet) is not necessary unless hepatic encephalopathy is present. C (High-fiber diet) can help with constipation but not a primary concern. D (High-calcium diet) is not a priority for cirrhosis management.

A patient with cirrhosis of the liver and ascites is scheduled for a paracentesis. What should the nurse do to prepare the patient for the procedure?

  • A. Have the patient void immediately before the procedure.
  • B. Position the patient flat in bed.
  • C. Administer a full liquid diet.
  • D. Encourage the patient to ambulate for 30 minutes.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Have the patient void immediately before the procedure. This step is crucial to prevent accidental puncture of the bladder during paracentesis. Voiding helps empty the bladder, reducing the risk of injury and ensuring a safer procedure.

Incorrect choices:
B: Position the patient flat in bed - Incorrect, as the patient should be in a sitting position with legs dangling over the side of the bed during the procedure.
C: Administer a full liquid diet - Incorrect, as a full liquid diet is not necessary for paracentesis preparation.
D: Encourage the patient to ambulate for 30 minutes - Incorrect, as ambulation is not relevant to preparing for paracentesis.

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