Nokea
The small intestine of a person contains a lower concentration of glucose than is present in the blood. The cells of the villi absorb glucose. By which process is the glucose absorbed?
- A. by active transport against the concentration gradient
- B. by active transport down the concentration gradient
- C. by diffusion against the concentration gradient
- D. by diffusion down the concentration gradient
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Glucose absorption in the small intestine occurs through active transport, particularly when the concentration of glucose is higher in the blood than in the intestine. This requires energy to move glucose against its concentration gradient.
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The greater omentum does not participate in:
- A. secretion of enzymes
- B. support and cushioning of the viscera
- C. storage of lipids
- D. protection against the spread of infection
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The greater omentum provides structural support, lipid storage, and protection against infection spread, but it does not secrete enzymes.
Surface mucous cells show the following EXCEPT:
- A. Found in the isthmus of the fundic glands.
- B. Contain PAS +ve secretory granules.
- C. Secrete acidic mucous.
- D. Continuous with the covering epith of the stomach
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Surface mucous cells secrete neutral to alkaline mucus, not acidic mucus, to protect the gastric mucosa.
Which of the following substances is considered inorganic?
- A. minerals
- B. fats
- C. carbohydrates
- D. proteins
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Minerals are inorganic substances, unlike fats, carbohydrates, and proteins, which are organic.
The gross structure of the kidney is divided into 3 parts. In which part do the Bowman's capsules lie?
- A. Cortex
- B. Medulla
- C. Pelvis
- D. Capsule
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bowman's capsules, part of the nephron, are located in the renal cortex.
Kupffer cells are found in :
- A. Liver
- B. Kidney
- C. Heart
- D. Blood
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Kupffer cells are macrophages found in the liver, involved in breaking down red blood cells.