Nokea
The small intestine of a person contains a lower concentration of glucose than is present in the blood. The cells of the villi absorb glucose. By which process is the glucose absorbed?
- A. by active transport against the concentration gradient
- B. by active transport down the concentration gradient
- C. by diffusion against the concentration gradient
- D. by diffusion down the concentration gradient
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Glucose absorption in the small intestine occurs through active transport, particularly when the concentration of glucose is higher in the blood than in the intestine. This requires energy to move glucose against its concentration gradient.
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The nurse is teaching classes on development to parents of toddlers. A parent asks when a child should be toilet trained. The nurse bases a response on knowledge that sphincter control is generally possible by age months. Provide a numeric answer.
- A. 18
- B. 24
- C. 30
- D. 36
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sphincter control typically develops around 24 months, enabling toilet training.
Which of the following substances is considered inorganic?
- A. minerals
- B. fats
- C. carbohydrates
- D. proteins
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Minerals are inorganic substances, unlike fats, carbohydrates, and proteins, which are organic.
Which nerve is primarily responsible for the neural control of the gastric phase, including the stimulation of gastric secretions?
- A. Facial nerve
- B. Vagus nerve
- C. Glossopharyngeal nerve
- D. Spinal accessory nerve
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) is the primary nerve responsible for parasympathetic control of the stomach, stimulating gastric secretions and motility during the gastric phase.
All about human tongue is true EXCEPT:
- A. Anterior 2/3 of Dorsal surface is covered by Parakeratinized epith.
- B. Post. 1/3 contain lingual tonsils.
- C. Its ventral surface has projections called lingual papilla.
- D. Contain skeletal muscle fibers arranged in 3 directions.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The ventral surface of the tongue is smooth and covered by non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, not lingual papillae, which are on the dorsal surface.
What are the substrate and end-products of digestion by the enzyme lipase?
- A. substrate: triglycerides, end-products: fatty acids and glycerol
- B. substrate: proteins, end-products: amino acids
- C. substrate: carbohydrates, end-products: monosaccharides
- D. substrate: nucleic acids, end-products: nucleotides
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lipase acts on triglycerides, breaking them down into fatty acids and glycerol.