Nokea
The stage of dying in which a person believes “yes me
- A. but…..†is called
- B. Depression
- C. Denial
- D. Acceptance
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Acceptance. This stage, as per Kubler-Ross model, signifies the final phase of coming to terms with the impending death. The person has reached a state of peace and understanding, accepting their fate. The other choices are incorrect because:
A: "but..." indicates resistance, not acceptance.
B: Depression signifies a different stage characterized by overwhelming sadness.
C: Denial is an earlier stage where the person refuses to accept the reality of their situation.
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Which of the following medication types are used to decrease the workload of the heart by blocking sympathetic stimulation of receptors that work on the SA node and myocardial cells, thus decreasing the force of myocardial contraction and directly reducing a patient's heart rate?
- A. Alpha-adrenergic agents
- B. Beta-blockers
- C. Calcium-channel blockers
- D. Sodium-channel blockers
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Beta-blockers. Beta-blockers decrease the workload of the heart by blocking the sympathetic stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart. This action results in a decrease in heart rate and the force of myocardial contraction. By blocking these receptors, beta-blockers reduce the impact of adrenaline and other stress hormones on the heart, leading to a decrease in the heart's workload.
A: Alpha-adrenergic agents primarily work on alpha-adrenergic receptors and do not have the same effect on decreasing the workload of the heart.
C: Calcium-channel blockers work by blocking calcium channels in the heart and blood vessels, leading to vasodilation and decreased contractility of the heart. While they can reduce the heart's workload, they do not primarily target sympathetic stimulation of receptors working on the SA node and myocardial cells.
D: Sodium-channel blockers primarily affect the conduction of electrical impulses in the heart and are used for different purposes, such as
Which of the following is the best way that a nursing assistant can help prevent falls?
- A. Clear walkways of clutter
- B. Keep lights low
- C. Move call lights further away from residents
- D. Leave spills for housekeeping to clean
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Clear walkways of clutter. This is the best way a nursing assistant can help prevent falls because clutter-free walkways reduce tripping hazards, promoting safety. Leaving walkways clear allows residents to move around safely. B: Keeping lights low can actually increase the risk of falls, as dim lighting can impair visibility. C: Moving call lights further away from residents can delay response times in case of emergencies and does not directly address fall prevention. D: Leaving spills for housekeeping to clean can lead to immediate hazards and accidents.
The most specific test to evaluate for injuries of solid abdominal organs is:
- A. Abdominal x-ray
- B. Abdominal ultrasound
- C. DPL
- D. Frequent abdominal examination
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: DPL (Diagnostic Peritoneal Lavage). DPL is the most specific test for evaluating injuries of solid abdominal organs due to its ability to detect even small amounts of intra-abdominal bleeding. It involves inserting a catheter into the peritoneal cavity to obtain fluid for analysis, providing direct evidence of internal bleeding. Abdominal x-ray and ultrasound are not as specific for detecting solid organ injuries. Frequent abdominal examination may help monitor the patient's condition but does not provide definitive diagnostic information like DPL.
Under what condition is wearing artificial nails in a long-term care facility acceptable?
- A. They may be worn as long as the nails are clean, short, and filed.
- B. They should not be worn in care facilities.
- C. They should be worn only at special events at facilities.
- D. They may be worn as long as hands are washed frequently.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because wearing artificial nails in a long-term care facility can increase the risk of infection transmission to vulnerable residents. Even if the nails are clean and hands are washed frequently (options A and D), artificial nails harbor more bacteria than natural nails, posing a greater risk in healthcare settings. Limiting their use to special events (option C) does not address the potential risks associated with their use in such facilities. Therefore, the most appropriate and safest approach is to avoid wearing artificial nails altogether in care facilities to prioritize resident safety and infection control.
Which of the following is the best way for a nursing assistant to care for a resident with a functional barrier?
- A. The NA should prevent the resident from resting to help keep his body active.
- B. The NA should remove oxygen only long enough to clean the resident's face and ears.
- C. The NA should encourage the resident to speak quickly during conversations to keep the vocal cords strong.
- D. The NA should use a communication board to help the resident ask questions.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because using a communication board helps the resident with a functional barrier to ask questions effectively. This approach promotes clear communication and empowers the resident to express their needs.
A is incorrect as preventing the resident from resting is not beneficial for someone with a functional barrier.
B is incorrect as removing oxygen can be harmful and is not necessary for cleaning the face and ears.
C is incorrect as encouraging the resident to speak quickly may cause stress and is not a recommended approach for maintaining vocal cord strength.